sunfish sailboat average speed

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• Sailboat Guide

Sunfish is a 13 ′ 10 ″ / 4.2 m monohull sailboat designed by Alexander Bryan/Cortland Heyniger/Carl Meinart and built by AMF Corp., Alcort, Pearson Yachts, and LaserPerformance starting in 1952.

• 1 / 17 Manhattan Beach, CA, US Sunfish $650 USD View
• 2 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View
• 3 / 17 Slatington, PA, US 1985 Sunfish $2,200 USD View
• 4 / 17 Venice, FL, US 1985 Sunfish $800 USD View
• 5 / 17 Manhattan Beach, CA, US Sunfish $650 USD View
• 6 / 17 Slatington, PA, US 1985 Sunfish $2,200 USD View
• 7 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View
• 8 / 17 Slatington, PA, US 1985 Sunfish $2,200 USD View
• 9 / 17 Venice, FL, US 1985 Sunfish $800 USD View
• 10 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View
• 11 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View
• 12 / 17 Slatington, PA, US 1985 Sunfish $2,200 USD View
• 13 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View
• 14 / 17 Slatington, PA, US 1985 Sunfish $2,200 USD View
• 15 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View
• 16 / 17 Slatington, PA, US 1985 Sunfish $2,200 USD View
• 17 / 17 Hudson, WI, US 2006 Sunfish $3,800 USD View

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

Although the earliest models were built of wood and offered as kits, the fiberglass version, first introduced in 1960, became the most popular recreational sailboat in history. As a result, there were many imitators.

Sunfish Builder Chronology 1952 - 1969 Alcort, Inc. (founded 1945) 1969 - 1986 AMF 1986 - 1988 Loveless & DeGarmo, dba, Alcort Sailboats Inc. 1988 - 1991 Pearson Yacht Co. 1991 - 1997 Sunfish/Laser, Inc. 1997 - 2007 Vanguard 2007 - Laser Performance Change in class rules permitted a new, slightly deeper daggerboard in the mid-1990’s.

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• About Sailboat Guide

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Average Speed of a Sailboat

Are you curious about the average speed of a sailboat and how fast it can go? Sailboats have been navigating the waters for centuries, utilizing the power of the wind to move gracefully across the seas. In the previous post, we covered Sailing From California To Hawaii , Sailboat Weight , as well as fuel efficiency in sailboats . In this current article, we will explore the average speed of a sailboat, factors that affect its speed, and also delve into the top speed that sailboats can reach. So, let’s raise the anchor and set sail into the world of sailboat speeds!

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Sailing is not just a means of transportation; it’s a thrilling and exhilarating experience that connects us with nature and the vastness of the open water. Sailboats come in various sizes and designs, each with its own unique capabilities. Understanding the average speed and top speed of sailboats is essential for sailors and enthusiasts alike.

2. Understanding Sailboat Speed

The speed of a sailboat is determined by multiple factors, including wind conditions, sail area, hull design, and overall weight. Unlike powerboats, sailboats rely on the wind to generate propulsion, making their speed more dependent on natural elements.

3. Factors Affecting Sailboat Speed

3.1 wind conditions.

The strength and direction of the wind play a significant role in determining a sailboat’s speed. Sailors often check weather forecasts to assess wind patterns and plan their journeys accordingly. Wind speed is measured in knots, with one knot equaling one nautical mile per hour.

3.2 Sail Area and Design

The size and design of the sails affect how much wind they can capture and convert into forward motion. Larger sail areas generally provide more power, but they can also be harder to handle in strong winds. Modern sail designs, such as the use of aerodynamic shapes and advanced materials, have improved sail efficiency and performance.

3.3 Hull Design and Length

The shape and length of a sailboat’s hull also impact its speed. Longer hulls tend to have higher top speeds and better stability, but they may sacrifice maneuverability in tight spaces. Hull designs that reduce drag, such as fin keels or bulb keels, can enhance a sailboat’s speed by minimizing resistance in the water.

3.4 Weight and Displacement

The weight and displacement of a sailboat affect its speed and maneuverability. Lighter boats generally have higher acceleration and are more responsive to wind changes. On the other hand, heavier boats may have better stability in rough conditions but can be slower to accelerate.

4. Types of Sailboats and Their Speed Ranges

Sailboats come in various types, each with its own speed characteristics. Here are some common types and their average speed ranges:

4.1 Dinghies and Small Sailboats

Dinghies and small sailboats are lightweight and highly maneuverable. They can achieve speeds ranging from 4 to 8 knots, making them popular choices for recreational sailing and racing.

4.2 Cruising Sailboats

Cruising sailboats are designed for comfort and long-distance voyages. They typically have average speeds of 5 to 9 knots, allowing sailors to enjoy a leisurely journey while exploring different destinations.

4.3 Racing Sailboats

Racing sailboats are built for speed and performance. These boats can reach average speeds of 7 to 12 knots and sometimes even higher in optimal wind conditions. Racing sailors constantly push the limits of their boats to gain a competitive edge.

Also Read: How Much Speed Loss Would Justify Docking?

5. Techniques to Optimize Sailboat Speed

To maximize the speed of a sailboat, sailors employ various techniques and strategies. Here are a few tips to optimize sailboat speed:

• Trim the sails: Adjust the sails’ angle and tension to capture the maximum amount of wind energy.
• Use proper sail combinations: Selecting the right combination of sails for the wind conditions can improve speed and efficiency.
• Maintain a clean hull: Regularly cleaning the hull and removing any marine growth helps reduce drag and increase speed.
• Optimize weight distribution: Properly distributing weight on the sailboat ensures stability and improves performance.

6. Safety Considerations While Sailing at High Speeds

Sailing at high speeds can be exhilarating, but it also comes with risks. Here are some safety considerations to keep in mind when pushing the limits of sailboat speed:

• Wear appropriate safety gear: Always wear a life jacket and other safety equipment while sailing.
• Be aware of changing weather conditions: Sudden changes in wind or weather can affect a sailboat’s stability and speed.
• Stay vigilant and maintain control: Maintain a constant watch on the surroundings and adjust sail settings as needed.
• Follow navigational rules: Adhere to local boating regulations and give way to other vessels when necessary.

7. Notable Speed Records in Sailboating

Over the years, sailors and adventurers have pushed the boundaries of sailboat speed, setting impressive records. Here are a few notable speed records in sailboating:

• The “Hydroptère” holds the world record for the highest speed achieved by a sailboat, reaching over 50 knots.
• The “Vestas Sailrocket 2” achieved an average speed of 65.45 knots, setting the world record for the fastest nautical mile.
• The “Sailrocket 3” holds the outright world speed sailing record, reaching a peak speed of 75.69 knots.

These remarkable achievements demonstrate the incredible speed potential of sailboats in the right conditions.

8. Table of Different Sailboat Types and Their Average Speed Ranges

Please note that these average speed ranges are approximate and can vary based on several factors including wind conditions, sail area, and boat design.

9. Conclusion

Sailboats offer a unique way to explore the seas while harnessing the power of the wind. Understanding the average speed of a sailboat and the factors that influence it can help sailors make informed decisions and optimize their sailing experience. Remember to prioritize safety while enjoying the thrill of sailing at high speeds. So, hoist the sails, catch the wind, and embark on an unforgettable voyage!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: can a sailboat go faster than the wind.

Yes, under certain conditions, a sailboat can go faster than the wind. By using techniques like apparent wind and sailing at the optimal angle, sailboats can achieve speeds greater than the wind speed.

Q2: What is the top speed of a sailboat?

The top speed of a sailboat depends on various factors such as its design, size, and wind conditions. Some racing sailboats have been known to reach speeds of 20 knots or more, while high-performance sailing vessels have achieved speeds well over 50 knots.

Q3: Do sailboats have engines?

Most sailboats are equipped with auxiliary engines for maneuvering in harbors, calms, or emergencies. However, the primary mode of propulsion for a sailboat is the wind.

Q4: Can you sail against the wind?

Sailing against the windis possible through a technique called tacking or zigzagging. By angling the sails and changing the direction of the boat’s course, sailboats can make progress against the wind, although at a slower speed compared to sailing with the wind.

Q5: Are sailboats safe?

Sailboats can be safe when proper precautions are taken. It’s essential to have a good understanding of sailing techniques, weather conditions, and safety protocols. Adhering to safety guidelines, wearing appropriate gear, and maintaining a vigilant attitude can help ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

In conclusion , the average speed of a sailboat varies depending on numerous factors, including wind conditions, sail area, hull design, and weight. Sailboats offer a unique and exhilarating way to navigate the waters, relying on the power of the wind for propulsion. By understanding the factors that affect sailboat speed and employing optimization techniques, sailors can make the most of their sailing adventures. Remember to prioritize safety and adhere to navigational rules while enjoying the thrill of sailing. So, set your sails and embark on a journey that combines the serenity of the seas with the excitement of sailing!

Steven T. Anderson

Steven Taylor Anderson is an experienced sailor and author who writes for sailingbetter.com. He has been sailing for over 20 years across the USA and has taken several courses to improve his skills. He has also navigated throughout the world on various boats and yachts. His passion for sailing and knowledge of the sport shines through in his writing, making him a respected authority on the subject.

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Sunfish Boat Specifications

The sailplan requires just 2 lines to control and the boat can be set up in less than 5 minutes. The patented kick-up rudder system allows full beach landings with no problems. The hard-chined hull and low sail plan provide unmatched stability and a forgiving feel. The Sunfish hull is light enough to throw on top of your car with ease, and the bulletproof Laser Performance construction ensures that your Sunfish will provide years of virtually maintenance free enjoyment. The Sunfish combines performance, stability and durability in a package that appeals to beginners and experts alike.

If it's racing you crave, the international sunfish class has a full time staff that sanctions more than 1000 events each year. add the hundreds of local and regional events to that list and you can stay pretty busy racing your sunfish. the class will keep you posted with its quarterly magazine "windward leg" and provide valuable preformance tips. the elegant simplicity, performance, and intelligent economy of the sunfish is unmatched. the sunfish enjoys fantastic resale value. old or young, tall or short, expert or beginner, the sunfish will provide you with years of fun and write your ticket to the wet world of wind. you will find sunfish in resorts around the world and in your own backyard. when you are ready for hassle-free fun in the sun give us a call to learn more about today's sunfish., highlights: convenient storage in the back of cockpit which is perfect for extra gear or a cooler. patented kick-up rudder makes beach launches, landings, and shallow-water sailing effortless. self-bailing cockpit hydrodynamic daggerboard maximizes upwind performance. lateen rigged sail:  automatically depowers when hit by a gust of wind  two sides of the sail are supported which ensures durability  easy to rig and derig mainsheet is the only control line that you need to use to enjoy the simple pleasures of sailing a sunfish. simple main halyard is one of the two lines on the sunfish, it hoists and lowers the sail in a matter of seconds, enabling spontaneous enjoyment of the water stainless steel bow handle: facilitates carrying, docking, and holding the boat into the wind while launching or loading molded in keel is designed to take the abuse of repeated beach landings.

• Sailing the Sunfish: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide

The Sunfish sailboat, a name synonymous with accessibility, simplicity, and joy in the sailing world, has been cutting through waters around the globe with its distinctive lateen sail and flat, board-like hull. Born in the mid-20th century, its inception was driven by a desire to democratize sailing – an ambition that turned into a global phenomenon. The Sunfish’s straightforward design, characterized by its lightweight and easy-to-rig setup, revolutionized how sailboats were made and perceived. This evolution made sailing not just an elite sport but a leisure activity accessible to families and individuals alike.

The design and specifications of the Sunfish have always been about maximizing ease of use without compromising on performance. Its hull is designed for stability, while the lateen sail, a simple yet efficient sail setup, allows for easy control and adaptability to various wind conditions. This combination of design features ensures that the Sunfish sailboat is not only affordable but also a highly versatile craft, appealing to a broad spectrum of sailors from novices to seasoned enthusiasts.

Versatility, Community, and the Sailing Experience

The appeal of the Sunfish sailboat extends far beyond its technical specifications. Its versatility shines whether it's used for a leisurely sail on a local lake or competing in one of many Sunfish racing events held worldwide. This adaptability makes it an ideal choice for sailors of all levels, offering a gentle learning curve for beginners while still providing enough challenge for experienced sailors to enjoy.

The sense of community among Sunfish sailors is palpable. Across the globe, clubs and groups convene around their shared passion for Sunfish sailing, hosting regattas, and races that bring people together. This camaraderie fosters a welcoming environment, making it easy for newcomers to learn and for veterans to share their knowledge and stories. The community aspect of Sunfish sailing is a significant draw, reinforcing the idea that sailing is not just about the time spent on the water but also about the connections made along the way.

Read our top notch articles on topics such as sailing, sailing tips and destinations in our Magazine .

Check out our latest sailing content:

Mastering Sunfish Sailing: Techniques, Maintenance, and More

Sailing a Sunfish requires an understanding of wind and water, skills that are developed through practice and experience. For those new to the sport, mastering the Sunfish sailboat comes with a sense of achievement, as sailors learn to rig their boats, adjust their sails to the wind, and navigate through waters with confidence. These skills are not only practical but also enrich the sailing experience, making each outing a unique adventure.

Maintaining a Sunfish sailboat is straightforward, ensuring that it remains in top condition for years. Regular maintenance tasks such as inspecting the hull for damage, checking the rigging, and ensuring the sail is in good condition can significantly extend the lifespan of the boat. Additionally, understanding how to prepare the Sunfish for off-season storage is crucial, as proper care during this period can prevent damage and wear, ensuring that the boat is ready for the next sailing season.

Choosing and Customizing Your Sunfish Sailboat

For those looking to buy a new Sunfish sailboat, the market offers a variety of options. Prices vary based on new or used conditions, but affordability remains a key feature of the Sunfish, making it accessible to a wide range of budgets. Moreover, the Sunfish sailboat is highly customizable, allowing sailors to modify their boats to suit personal preferences and needs. Whether it’s upgrading the sail for better performance or adding comfort features for longer sails, the possibilities for personalization are vast, making each Sunfish uniquely tailored to its owner.

In conclusion, the Sunfish sailboat embodies the spirit of sailing – a blend of freedom, adventure, and community. Its simple design, affordability, and versatility have made it a beloved choice among sailors worldwide. Whether you’re embarking on your first sailing journey or looking to add a new chapter to your sailing adventures, the Sunfish offers a perfect platform to explore the waters. With each sail set and horizon chased, the Sunfish sailboat continues to be a symbol of joy and accessibility in the sailing community.

So what are you waiting for? Take a look at our range of charter boats and head to some of our favourite  sailing destinations.

I am ready to help you with booking a boat for your dream vacation. Contact me.

Denisa Nguyenová

Sunfish Sailing Boat: Techniques, Maintenance, Racing, Community

Published by oceanwave on august 5, 2023.

The Sunfish sailing boat , is a compact, lightweight, and adaptable vessel created for sailing for leisure. Its simplicity and usability make it a popular option for both novice and seasoned sailors.

Alex Bryan and Cortlandt Heyniger, who created Alcort, Inc., originally unveiled the Sunfish sailboat in the early 1950s. The popular “Lateen” sail employed by the Moors and other ancient cultures served as inspiration for its design. The Sunfish has had tremendous growth in popularity over time and continues to be a recognised icon of recreational sailing.

Design and Structure

The Sunfish has a straightforward, fibreglass hull with a flat bottom that offers stability and manoeuvrability. Its single-person design makes sailing alone on it comfortable. Tandem sailing is a popular use for several Sunfish variations that have been altered to suit two individuals.

The daggerboard, a retractable centerboard, on the Sunfish enhances overall stability by assisting in preventing lateral movement while sailing upwind. Effective boat steering is made possible by the rudder, which is at the stern.

The comparatively tall and slender Sunfish mast makes for an effective and exciting sailing experience.

The sail is a lateen rig with a characteristic triangle shape, composed of sturdy materials like Dacron. Using a halyard and a sheet line, the sail may be readily raised or dropped.

Simple rigging is used on sunfish sailing vessels. The mainsheet regulates the sail’s pitch, and the tiller steers the boat by moving the rudder. The outhaul and cunningham modify the shape and tension of the sail while the halyard lifts and lowers it to improve performance.

Sunfish Sailing Techniques

Rigging the sunfish.

A Sunfish must have its sail, daggerboard, and rudder tightly fastened before it may sail. For safe and pleasurable sailing, proper rigging is crucial.

Basic Sailing Maneuvers

• Tacking: This maneuver involves rotating the boat’s bow through the wind, which allows the sail to seamlessly change sides.
• Jibing: Jibing refers to rotating the stern of the boat through the wind and switching the sail to the opposing side.
• Points of Sail: For effective sailing and navigating a variety of wind conditions, it is essential to comprehend the various points of sail (upwind, close-hauled, reaching, and downwind).

Advanced Sailing Techniques

• Racing Strategies: For competitive sailors, learning racing strategies, such as starting procedures, mark edging, and tactical decision-making, can greatly enhance performance.
• Windward Sailing: To sail upwind (windward) and make headway against the wind, accurate sail trimming and boat positioning are necessary.
• Downwind Sailing: To sail effectively downwind, you must maximize your sail angle and take advantage of wind shifts to increase your speed and momentum.

Popular Sunfish Sailing Destinations

Coastal regions, lakes, and reservoirs all around the world are frequently enjoyed by sunfish sailors. The Great Lakes, American coastal regions, and picturesque areas in Europe and beyond are among the most well-liked travel destinations.

With winds typically ranging from 5 to 15 knots, the Sunfish is perfectly suited for light to moderate conditions. For beginners, calm waters and protected harbors are ideal, but for experienced sailors, more difficult open-water conditions may be desired.

Sailing any boat, especially the Sunfish, requires utmost caution. In addition to being mindful of the weather, sailors should always wear the proper personal flotation devices (PFDs). It’s important to observe all boating laws and keep within approved sailing areas.

Maintenance and Care

Storage and cleaning.

A Sunfish sailing boat must be properly maintained in order to last for a long time and operate at its best. Use fresh water to thoroughly rinse the boat after each sailing session to get rid of any salt or debris. To clean the hull and deck, use mild soap and a gentle brush instead of abrasive cleaners that could harm the fibreglass. Dry the boat completely after cleaning it before storing it.

For storage, choose a covered space or spend money on a boat cover to shield the Sunfish from the elements. The boat’s health and longevity will be preserved and increased by keeping it out of the rain, sunlight, and extremely hot or cold weather.

Fixing Small Damages

Check the Sunfish frequently for any indications of wear or small damage. To stop future damage, cracks, chips, or scratches on the hull should be fixed right away. Using repair kits that are available from boat dealers or specialty stores, boat owners can frequently handle minor repairs.

Consider contacting a specialised yacht repair agency for assistance with larger damages or structural problems. In addition to keeping the Sunfish in excellent condition, proper maintenance will guarantee the sailor’s safety.

Seasonal Maintenance Checklist

Make sure to give the Sunfish a complete inspection before each sailing season. Look for any wear or fraying in the rigging, including the mast, sail, and lines. To ensure smooth functioning, lubricate moving components like the rudder and daggerboard systems.

Check the hull for any potential leaks and confirm that all hardware and fittings are firmly attached. Replace damaged lines or hardware as necessary. Check the sail’s integrity as well, keeping an eye out for any tears or wear that could impair performance.

Racing and Competitions

A thrilling feature of Sunfish sailing is Sunfish class racing, when sailors compete in regulated competitions and regattas. The International Sunfish Class Association (ISCA) has established particular guidelines and requirements for the Sunfish class. Typically, races have short tracks, and competitors try to complete as quickly as they can.

The chance to compete in many local, national, and worldwide regattas is available to Sunfish sailors. The Sunfish World Championship, North American Championship, and various regional championships held in various nations are a few of the important competitions.

Specialised training and practise are essential for everyone interested in racing. Experienced racers and coaches frequently organise training camps and clinics to aid participants in honing their abilities and strategies. Mastering race-specific manoeuvres, comprehending wind patterns, and refining racing strategy are all part of competitive preparation.

Sunfish Sailing Community

The Sunfish sailing community is a thriving and encouraging global network of sailors. The governing body, in charge of enforcing class regulations and planning significant events, is the International Sunfish Class Association (ISCA). Local Sunfish class organizations offer further assistance and possibilities for sailors to interact in various places.

Sunfish sailing boat aficionados have venues to share experiences, ask questions, and swap advice through online forums and social media groups. Additionally, there are several of websites and blogs that provide helpful resources including regatta dates, maintenance advice, and sailing skills.

The advantages of joining the Sunfish sailing community are numerous. It offers a wonderful chance to connect with like-minded people, pick the brains of seasoned sailors, and share the thrill of sailing. Participating in community activities also promotes a sense of camaraderie and provides both novices and seasoned sailors with invaluable support.

Sunfish sailing boats are an enticing option for sailors of all ages and experience levels because they provide the ideal balance of simplicity, excitement, and versatility. Sunfish sailing continues to be popular because to its simplicity in maintenance, ease of rigging, and accessibility to a variety of sailing locations.

The Sunfish offers a simple and pleasurable entry point for people who are thinking about taking up sailing. Its user-friendly layout and the Sunfish community’s assistance guarantee a pleasurable and unforgettable trip on the water. Therefore, giving Sunfish sailing a try can spark a passion for the sport that lasts a lifetime, whether the goal is a peaceful day on the lake or serious racing.

To discover more about various liveaboard sailboats , yachts, and catamaran, check out this Sailboat Data page. You may discover comprehensive details on different sailboat models and their performance here, making it easy for you to pick the best boat for your requirements with Ocean Wave Sail !

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Boat Profile

A simple sailboat from the 1950s

From Issue   August 2024

I f you’ve been around dinghy-sailing a while, there is a better-than-average chance that you’ve come across the venerable Sunfish (or have mistaken one of its many imitators for a Sunfish). Audrey has been messing about with Sunfish since 1982, and she first capsized one with me onboard in 1984. Through the years we’ve spent many memorable hours sailing this simple boat and have had immeasurable fun restoring old and well-used, even abused basket-case boats.

The Sunfish, a direct descendant of the 1945 Sailfish, was the creation of ALCORT Sailboats, founded by Alex Bryan and Cortlandt Heniger. A hollow-bodied wooden “sit-on” sailboat, the Sailfish was featured in LIFE magazine’s 1949 article “World’s Wettest, Sportiest Boat.” It went through various iterations and in 1952, the designers at ALCORT, with considerable input from Aileen Shields Bryan, introduced a new iteration they called the Sunfish. Aileen was considered one of the best female sailors of the day, having won the 1948 Adams Cup—the Women’s National Sailing Championship—as well as the Atlantic and 210 class championships. She recommended adding a small cockpit as a foot well for more comfort, and widening the hull by 12″ for more stability. Since 1952 the Sunfish has been in continuous production and by 2013, more than 500,000 had been built and sailed in over 50 countries.

While owing much to its predecessor, the Sunfish is more boat than board. The beam was increased by 12″ to improve stability and a footwell and splashboards were added. The sail is no longer laced to the spars and now attached with clip rings.

Between 1952 and the mid-1960s, the Sunfish was built in plywood and kits were available. We acquired hull number 13 of the pre-production boats and restored it in 2013. Based on the emerging popularity of fiberglass construction in the late 1950s, ALCORT produced the first fiberglass Sunfish in 1960. It was immensely popular for recreational sailors as well as one-design racers, so popular that it was inducted into the American Sailboat Hall of Fame in 1995.

The Sunfish is a medium-sized hard-chined pontoon-hull dinghy with a length of 13′ 9″ and a 4′ 1″ beam. Draft with the daggerboard down is 2′ 11″ and the modern-day hull weighs 120 lbs. (The ALCORT hulls of the 1960s were built a little stouter, with hull weights of 139 lbs.) Crew capacity is 500 lbs and there is just enough room for two adults. The optimal weight for a solo sailor is up to 190 lbs.

Despite the raised freeboard and the splashboard forward of the footwell, the Sunfish is still a wet boat, making it more popular in areas with warmer water.

The virtually unsinkable pontoon hull of most fiberglass Sunfish contains six closed-cell expanded-polystyrene blocks—three in the bow and three in the stern—which structurally tie the hull to the deck. The 2″-wide blocks are held in place by marine-grade foam, which provides additional flotation. If you consider buying an old Sunfish, it is wise to make sure that the internal foam is not waterlogged (by weighing it) or detached (by pounding lightly on the deck and hull with your hand to tell if it feels and sounds solid). Recent Sunfish have internal plastic air bladders for flotation.

New boats can be ordered with either a mahogany or Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) rudder and daggerboard. Whether choosing the classic look of wood or the stronger FRP material, the 44″-long daggerboard and foil-shaped rudder offer excellent control on all points of sail. The daggerboards have increased in length through the years from 31″ on the early wooden hulls to 39″ for the fiberglass boats, and then 44″ for the latest racing daggerboard. The newest daggerboards are foil-shaped. Rudder design has also evolved: from a round blade to a spoon tip to the angular blade shape that has been in use since 1971, when the rudder system was changed from the patented rudder-releasing mechanism made in bronze by Wilcox & Crittenden to an aluminum gudgeon, pintle, and spring design. The new system allows the sailor to raise or lower the rudder while seated in the cockpit, and the rudder will also easily kick up by itself for beaching or if an underwater obstacle is struck.

When becalmed, the Sunfish is easily paddled. If alone and using a single-blade paddle, a sailor can hold the helm over with their body and thus maintain directional stability while keeping both hands free. When the paddle is not needed, it can be stowed on the foredeck, held in place with its grip on the splashboard, the shaft between the halyard and the mast, and the blade beneath a line stretched taut across the deck from the bow.

The 75-sq-ft lateen rig sail with its single sheet, and a basic tiller and extension—one string and one stick—are all that is needed for a day of sailing. The spars are made of anodized T 6061 aluminum, with the 13′ 9″ booms being held aloft by a 10’ aluminum deck-stepped mast. The sail was originally lashed to the booms with cord but now has plastic sail clips that look like shower curtain rings. The original sails were cut from cotton by Old Town, but when Dacron debuted, Ratsey & Lapthorn became the sailmaker of choice introducing a little extra draft into the foot of the original flat five-panel sail. Since 1979 Sunfish sails have been made by North Sails. Sail controls for the recreational rig include outhauls for the upper and lower booms. For the racing rig, there are extra lines run to the lower boom that control a cunningham to adjust the luff tension and another line to control the foot tension. With this rig, all skill levels, from beginner to expert, can go out and have a great time on the boat.

Sunfish have been built by several manufacturers with most of the boats from the 1970s through the early 1980s produced by ALCORT, a division of AMF, one of the largest American recreational equipment companies. During the peak of AMF/ALCORT’s production as many as 60 Sunfish a day were leaving the factory in Waterbury, Connecticut. The manufacturer of the boats since 2007 has been Laser Performance, with hulls now built in Portugal after stints in the UK and a short period in China.

More than 500,000 Sunfish have been built and regattas are popular around the world. The regatta pictured here was hosted in July 2024 by Willow Bank Yacht Club on Cazenovia Lake in New York. A one-day regatta of five races, it welcomed all classes of “legal” Sunfish.

Along with the rudder system change in 1971, a storage cubby was added under the aft end of the cockpit, and around the same time, the DePersia Venturi bailer went from aluminum to plastic construction, a welcome change from the earlier version, which was susceptible to corrosion. The bailer allows the cockpit to self-drain when the boat is making even just a few knots of headway, and closes off with an internal float ball or plug inserted from inside the cockpit. The foredeck has a bow handle; newer hulls with their rolled gunwales are easier to handle on the beach. The original tillers were wooden, usually cut from ash, while modern tillers are aluminum, either straight or wishbone style. The original Sunfish had no sheet fairleads; then a small open fairlead was added to the cockpit lip—the “sheet hook”—and in the 1980s a swivel cam cleat was introduced. Today’s boats usually sport a ratchet block on a stand-up spring set just ahead of the cockpit. Another upgrade was the addition of a hiking strap mounted close to the cockpit floor.

Our current fleet includes the 1953 wooden hull, a 1965 ALCORT, and two AMF boats from 1981 and 1982. They all sail wonderfully, and we appreciate even the older hulls, which weigh a few more pounds but are resistant to oil-canning and can take a beating about as well as the thicker fiberglass construction of the ALCORT Sunfish. The sail hoists easily with one halyard that passes through a deck block or bullseye fairlead to a horn cleat, while the sheet runs from a bridle spanning the aft deck, through two boom blocks and back down to the cockpit.

Launching requires pointing the bow into the wind, pushing the rudder down, and shoving off. After getting settled on the cockpit edge, the daggerboard goes down a bit, and the sailor falls off and sheets in. Skipper Audrey likes to put her boat on the chine and hike out, while other folks prefer to sail flat. The boat tacks smoothly and, with the tiller over just shy of the deck edge, carries enough speed to avoid getting caught in irons. On a run, the daggerboard can be raised, and it will usually stay in place on its own, but the latest trick is to run a bungee from the bow handle back to the daggerboard to cant the board in the trunk and hold it in the selected spot. The bungee or a line should always be used to tether the daggerboard to the hull to keep it from going astray in a capsize—you stand on the daggerboard to right the hull.

On a calm warm day, the Sunfish is a fun boat for a family outing. In winds over 15 knots however, the boat can be a handful and more suited to a crew of one or two experienced sailors.

Sunfish behave admirably up to around 15 knots of wind; above that people and parts start breaking, and only a few of our most experienced racer friends tempt the more challenging conditions. If the wind dies, put the rudder down and the Sunfish will paddle well with a single-blade paddle or kayak paddle. We’ve even used a Sunfish as a stand-up-paddle platform—very stable but also heavy. The boat is quick to rig, which maximizes time on the water. While a Sunfish and its spars are cartoppable, lately we have been using our utility trailer and dolly.

New Sunfish are produced by Laser Performance and shipped worldwide. Used examples are available in many areas. Look for a relatively clean boat with minimal hull damage and dry, intact foam innards. The spars should be straight. New and used sails, rudders, and daggerboards can be tracked down through dealers or on various social-media platforms. All the parts are interchangeable on the fiberglass fleet with the exception of the old versus new rudder systems. Resale value is high, so you can’t go wrong with a moderately priced, ready-to-sail Sunfish.

Kent and Audrey Lewis have been messing about with Sunfish for decades and are experts at basket-case restorations. Knowledge gleaned from dozens of restorations is compiled in The Sunfish Owner’s Manual and logged at Small Boat Restoration .

Sunfish Particulars

Length:   13′ 9″ Beam:   4′ 1″ Draft:   2′ 11″ Sail area:   75 sq ft Hull weight:   120 lbs

The Sunfish Recreational , manufactured by Laser Performance , sells for $5,950 and the Sunfish Race with race sail and additional control lines sells for $6,150.

The Sunfish Forum is a good source for further information.

Is there a boat you’d like to know more about? Have you built one that you think other Small Boats readers would enjoy? Please email us your suggestions.

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Comments (8)

I’m intrigued by the lateen rig on the Sunfish. I presume this is largely self-vanging, like a balanced lug. The rig has the advantage that it can be dropped in a squall, something that can’t be done with the sleeved Laser sail.

No vang per design, but folks add one for racing performance by using the excess halyard back through the deck fairlead and up around the gooseneck swivel, then tied off. Or a variation on that theme.

We like to keep the boat simple, one stick, one string.

Researching all this for an exhibit at Mystic a decade or two ago, I found some interesting tidbits. Al and Cort were iceboat builders and canoe sailors; they responded to a request by the Red Cross for a paddle board for lifeguards, and came up with a prone paddle boat not unlike today’s stand-up paddle boards. They were turned down, so figured out something else they could do with their work. So stick in a daggerboard and add the lateen sail that was standard in open-canoe sailing.

A friend of a friend had a connection to Life and got the right photog and writer to do a spread. I think it ran over several pages, maybe in the center. It’s hard to imagine a similar media impact that would have today: viral when it hit the stands. It was the only capsize, right, and sail away boat in existence then.

A contributing factor, possibly one of the major factors in the Sunfish was that Mrs. Bryan was pregnant and found the Sailfish difficult to sail. A cockpit made all the difference.

Aileen Shields came from good sailing stock, her father was Cornelius Shields. The family knew a thing or two or three about sailing.

I once had my in-laws’ Sunfish planing on a beam reach on Canandaigua Lake and held my own against a 25′ Wianno Senior.

Nicely written, Kent. Only comment is a pontoon is usually paired or threes, like a catamaran or trimaran. The Sunfish hull is a monohull. The monohull Butterfly and further scows are tunnel hulls. Keep on saving Sunfish!

I think Kent is talking about the hull shape. When viewed in cross section, the bottom edges dip down.

I’m amazed how bruised up a sailor can get with a Sunfish on a breezy day! Kent’s observation about the change in behavior in 15 knots or above is true to my experience!

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How to Rig a Sunfish: Step-by-Step Guide to Sail Away

Imagine the gentle ripple of water, the whisper of a breeze, and the thrill of harnessing the wind to propel yourself across the water. For sailors, there’s no feeling quite like it, and the Sunfish sailboat offers the perfect vessel for such adventures.

In this comprehensive guide, we embark on a journey to help you master the art of rigging a Sunfish sailboat. Whether you’re a novice eager to set sail for the first time or a seasoned sailor in need of a refresher, this article has you covered.

The Sunfish sailboat is renowned for its simplicity, making it an ideal choice for sailors of all skill levels. Our guide will walk you through the essential steps, from setting up the mast and sail to ensuring your boat is shipshape. So, whether you’re preparing for a leisurely day on the water or gearing up for some friendly racing, read on to discover the secrets of rigging a Sunfish and unlocking the full potential of this iconic sailboat.

Introduction to the Sunfish Sailboat

Nestled at the intersection of simplicity and pure sailing joy, the Sunfish sailboat has been captivating the hearts of sailors for generations. With a history dating back to the mid-20th century, this beloved boat is renowned for its straightforward design and the exhilarating experiences it offers on the water.

For anyone looking to venture into the world of sailing, mastering the art of rigging a Sunfish is an essential skill. It’s the very foundation upon which your sailing adventures will be built. Whether you’re a novice seeking your maiden voyage or a seasoned sailor revisiting the basics, understanding how to properly rig a Sunfish is paramount for safety and a delightful time out on the water.

In this guide, we’ll embark on a journey to demystify the rigging process, step by step. By the end, you’ll not only have the knowledge but also the confidence to set sail on your Sunfish, ready to embrace the wind, waves, and the endless possibilities of the open water. So, let’s dive in and uncover the secrets of rigging the Sunfish sailboat for an unforgettable sailing experience.

Gather Your Tools and Equipment

Before you embark on the process of rigging your Sunfish, it’s crucial to ensure you have all the necessary tools and equipment at your disposal. Here’s a comprehensive list of items you’ll need:

• Sunfish Sail: The sail is the heart and soul of your boat. Ensure it’s in good condition, free of tears or significant wear.
• Mast: The mast is the vertical pole that supports the sail. It should be straight and secure.
• Boom: The boom is the horizontal spar that extends the foot of the sail. Check for any signs of damage or rust.
• Lines (Ropes): You’ll need various lines for controlling the sail, including the halyard (raises the sail), mainsheet (controls the angle of the sail), and other lines for rigging adjustments.
• Daggerboard: This board helps with stability and direction. Ensure it’s securely in place and free of damage.
• Rudder and Tiller: The rudder controls your boat’s direction, while the tiller is the handle you use to steer. Make sure they’re both functioning correctly.
• Life Jacket: Safety first! Always wear a properly fitted life jacket when sailing.
• Paddle: In case the wind dies down or you need to maneuver in tight spaces, a paddle can be a lifesaver.
• Bailer or Sponge: To keep the cockpit dry and free of water, especially if it splashes in.
• Tool Kit: A basic toolkit with pliers, a screwdriver, and a wrench can be handy for minor adjustments.
• Sunscreen and Sunglasses: Protect yourself from the sun’s rays.
• Hat and Water: Stay hydrated and shielded from the sun.
• Whistle or Horn: These are essential safety devices for alerting others in case of an emergency.

Before rigging your Sunfish, inspect all equipment for any wear, damage, or missing parts. Safety should always be a top priority, so ensure your life jacket is in excellent condition and fits snugly. Once everything is in order, you’re ready to begin rigging your Sunfish and setting sail for a fantastic day on the water.

Position the Sunfish on Land or in Shallow Water for Rigging

Before you start rigging your Sunfish, you’ll need to prepare the boat properly. Here’s how to do it:

• Choose the Right Location: Select a location on land or in shallow water that’s free from obstacles and provides ample space to work around the boat.
• Position the Sunfish: Carefully position the Sunfish with the bow (front) pointing into the wind. This is important for a smooth rigging process.
• Level the Boat: Ensure the boat is level from side to side. An uneven boat can make rigging and sailing more challenging.
• Secure the Boat: If you’re on land, make sure the boat is securely supported with appropriate boat stands or supports to prevent it from tipping or moving during rigging.
• Check the Wind: Assess the wind conditions. While it’s okay to rig in a light breeze, strong winds can make the process more difficult. If it’s too windy, consider postponing your rigging or seek help from someone experienced in handling a Sunfish in windy conditions.
• Gather Your Gear: Double-check that you have all the necessary tools and equipment nearby, as mentioned earlier.

By positioning the Sunfish correctly, ensuring it’s level, and taking wind conditions into account, you’ll set the stage for a smooth rigging process and a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

Process of Stepping the Mast, Which Involves Attaching the Mast to the Boat’s Hull

Stepping the mast is a crucial step in rigging your Sunfish. Follow these steps carefully:

• Attach the Mast Step: The mast step is a metal fitting on the boat’s deck near the bow. Insert the bottom end of the mast into the mast step. Ensure it fits snugly and securely.
• Align the Mast: With the mast in the mast step, position it vertically. Check for any lateral (side-to-side) or forward-leaning tilt. The mast should be perfectly upright.
• Attach the Forestay: The forestay is the front rigging line that goes from the top of the mast to the front of the boat. Hook the forestay to the bow eyelet or fitting. Make sure it’s securely attached.
• Secure the Shrouds: The shrouds are the side rigging lines that keep the mast in position. Attach one end of each shroud to the eyelets on the sides of the boat, near the gunwales. The other end of each shroud should be attached to the chainplates on the sides of the mast.
• Adjust Tension: Properly tension the forestay and shrouds. The rigging lines should be tight enough to support the mast but not overly tight, as this can distort the hull. The mast should remain vertical and secure.
• Inspect All Attachments: Double-check that all attachments are secure, and there’s no slack in the rigging lines. Ensure the mast is firmly in the mast step.

Properly stepping the mast and ensuring correct alignment, tension, and secure attachments are essential for safe and efficient sailing. A well-rigged Sunfish will perform better and provide a more enjoyable experience on the water.

Attach the Boom to the Mast and the Sail to the Boom

Attaching the boom and sail correctly is vital for effective sailing. Here’s how to do it:

• Attach the Boom to the Mast: The boom is the horizontal spar that extends perpendicular to the mast. Slide the gooseneck fitting on the front of the boom onto the mast. The gooseneck should fit snugly on the mast, and the boom should rest horizontally.
• Secure the Mainsheet: The mainsheet is the line that controls the angle of the sail. Attach one end of the mainsheet to the eyelet on the back of the boom. The other end will be handled by the sailor while sailing.
• Attach the Sail to the Boom: Slide the sail’s foot (bottom edge) into the boom’s groove, starting from one end and working your way to the other. Make sure the sail is centered on the boom. Secure the sail by tightening the boom vang, a line running from the back of the boom to the mast.
• Tension the Sail: Pull the halyard line (located on the front side of the mast) to raise the sail. The sail should be taut but not overly tight. Adjust the downhaul line (attached to the tack of the sail) to control the tension in the lower part of the sail.
• Adjust the Outhaul: The outhaul line (attached to the clew of the sail) controls the tension in the sail’s foot. Adjust it to achieve the desired sail shape.
• Check Sail Shape: Stand behind the boat and look at the sail’s shape. It should be smooth and evenly tensioned, with no excessive wrinkles or creases. Make adjustments as needed.
• Secure Loose Ends: Secure any loose lines and ensure nothing is dangling or obstructing the sail’s movement.

Properly attaching the boom and sail, as well as adjusting the halyard, downhaul, and outhaul lines, is essential for sail control and efficient sailing. Ensure that all lines are free from tangles or snags, as this will help maintain control over the sail during your voyage.

Daggerboard and Rudder Installation

Inserting the daggerboard:.

• Locate the daggerboard slot on the centerline of the Sunfish hull, typically near the cockpit.
• Hold the daggerboard vertically with the tapered end facing downward.
• Insert the daggerboard into the slot, starting from the top. Ensure it slides smoothly into place.
• Continue pushing the daggerboard down until it rests securely in the slot and is fully submerged in the water. The daggerboard provides stability and prevents lateral movement when sailing.

Attaching the Rudder:

• The rudder consists of the rudder blade and the rudder head. The rudder head fits into a bracket on the back of the boat.
• Insert the rudder head into the bracket and push it down until it clicks or locks into place. There is often a pin or mechanism that secures the rudder in the bracket.
• Ensure the rudder blade is perpendicular to the boat’s centerline and extends downward into the water. The rudder controls your boat’s direction and is crucial for steering.

Checking Control Lines:

Examine the control lines associated with the rudder:

• Tiller: The tiller is the wooden or metal bar connected to the rudder head. Make sure it is securely attached to the rudder head and that it moves freely to steer the boat.
• Tiller Extension: If your Sunfish has a tiller extension, check that it is attached and functioning correctly. The extension allows you to control the rudder while seated.
• Rudder Downhaul Line: The rudder downhaul line controls the angle of the rudder blade. Ensure it is properly adjusted to your desired steering responsiveness.

Properly installing the daggerboard and rudder and ensuring the associated control lines are in good working order are essential steps before setting sail. These components play a critical role in maintaining control and stability while on the water.

Rigging the Various Lines for Sail Control, Including the Mainsheet, Outhaul, and Vang

• The mainsheet controls the angle of the sail, affecting your boat’s speed and direction.
• Attach one end of the mainsheet to the aft end of the boom, typically with a bowline knot.
• Thread the other end through the mainsheet block, which is typically attached to the traveler bar on the boat’s cockpit floor.
• Bring the mainsheet line up to the sail’s clew (the lower back corner of the sail) and pass it through the aft grommet (a reinforced hole) in the sail.
• Pull the mainsheet line down, creating tension in the sail. The mainsheet should run freely through the block for easy adjustments while sailing.
• The outhaul adjusts the tension in the foot (bottom) of the sail.
• Attach one end of the outhaul line to the clew of the sail, usually through the outhaul grommet.
• Thread the other end of the outhaul line through the outhaul block or pulley on the boom.
• Adjust the outhaul to your desired sail shape and tension by pulling or releasing the line.

Vang (Optional):

• The vang controls the tension in the leech (back edge) of the sail.
• Attach one end of the vang to the gooseneck fitting on the mast.
• Thread the other end through the vang block on the boom.
• Adjust the vang to control the twist in the sail by pulling or releasing the line.

Cleating Lines:

• Many Sunfish sailboats have cleats to secure lines, allowing for hands-free sailing.
• To cleat a line, simply wrap it around the appropriate cleat and pull it tight. The cleat will hold the line in place.
• To release a cleated line quickly, pull it upward and away from the cleat.

Properly rigging and adjusting these control lines is crucial for sail control and optimizing your boat’s performance. The mainsheet, outhaul, and vang give you control over the sail’s shape, angle, and tension, allowing you to harness the wind effectively while sailing your Sunfish.

Performing Safety Checks Before Setting Sail

Before setting sail on your Sunfish, safety should always be a top priority. Here are some essential safety checks and precautions:

• Buoyancy Check: Ensure that your Sunfish is positively buoyant, meaning it will float even if swamped or capsized. Check for any hull damage or leaks that could affect buoyancy.
• Secure All Lines: Double-check that all lines, including the mainsheet, outhaul, vang, and control lines, are properly secured and free from tangles or knots.
• Equipment Condition: Inspect all equipment, such as the daggerboard, rudder, and sail, to ensure they are in good condition and properly attached., Verify that the mast, boom, and rigging are secure and free from damage or wear.
• Life Jackets: Always wear a Coast Guard-approved life jacket while on the water, and ensure that any passengers also have access to life jackets that fit them properly.
• Safety Guidelines: Familiarize yourself and your passengers with safety guidelines, such as proper body positioning in the boat and what to do in case of capsizing or other emergencies.
• Weather Check: Before heading out, check the weather forecast. Avoid sailing in severe weather conditions, strong winds, or thunderstorms.
• Emergency Gear: Carry essential emergency gear, including a whistle, paddle, bailer, and a means of communication (e.g., a waterproof phone or VHF radio).
• Float Plan: Let someone ashore know your sailing plans, including your intended route and estimated return time. This helps ensure someone is aware of your whereabouts in case of an emergency.
• Boating Knowledge: Ensure you have the necessary knowledge and skills for sailing a Sunfish, especially if you are a beginner. Consider taking a sailing course or sailing with an experienced sailor until you gain confidence.
• Stay Hydrated and Sun-Protected: Bring water to stay hydrated during your sail, especially on hot days., Protect yourself and passengers from the sun with sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses.

By prioritizing safety and performing these pre-sail checks, you can enjoy your Sunfish sailing adventures with peace of mind, knowing that you are well-prepared for a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

Conclusion and Setting Sail

In conclusion, rigging a Sunfish sailboat is a fundamental skill that allows you to embark on exciting sailing adventures. We’ve covered the step-by-step process, from gathering your tools and equipment to performing safety checks before setting sail.

As you gain experience and confidence in rigging your Sunfish, you’ll discover the joy and freedom of sailing. It’s a skill that opens the door to countless adventures on the water, whether you’re exploring new places, racing with fellow sailors, or simply enjoying a peaceful day on the lake.

Remember that practice makes perfect. The more you rig your Sunfish and set sail, the more proficient you’ll become. Over time, rigging will become second nature, and you’ll be able to focus on the pure pleasure of sailing.

So, take these instructions to heart, get out on the water, and enjoy the wind in your sails as you create unforgettable memories aboard your Sunfish sailboat. Sailing offers a lifetime of enjoyment, and rigging your boat is just the beginning of your exciting journey on the water. Happy sailing!

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Read New Impeller Not Pumping Water: Troubleshoot and Fixing until we meet in the next article.

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Sunfish Hull Speed...?

• Thread starter Simon Sexton
• Start date Jan 9, 2019
• Forums for All Owners

I skimmed the photo from the article in the current Sailing World. Note how far back the masts are stepped. Apparently to reduce the chance of capsizing or pitchpoling, wouldn’t that wake you up out in mid ocean by yourself!!!  

jon hansen said: +1 every sailor should understand what hull speed means. Click to expand

sailme88 said: This line is a parabola that lengthens as a beamer hull heels. Click to expand

Yep my head is starting to hurt. Time to fire up my underwater drone and search for treasure, or start daydreaming about being 15 and sailing my laser on a hot summer day. Last thing I was thinking about then was hull speed!  

sailme88 said: I still have a Bombardier " Invitation" that ate Lasers for breakfast.... yum, yum... ~~(\_~~ Click to expand

SBO Weather and Forecasting Forum Jim & John

@Hunter216 it does require your mind to stretch and that can be painful. Worse once stretched it is impossible to put the genie back in the bottle. Here is a brief and general idea of what is happening. The Length of the hull is used to calculate the hulls wave length. This calculation provides a theoretical "Hull Speed". Good so far? The hull speed and boat speed are not the same. Boat speed is dependent on the amount of friction the boat exerts against the water surface. The greater the friction the less the speed. Power (be it wind, electric or fossil fuel sourced) in large enough amounts can over come friction. OR... if you are clever you can design something that reduces the friction of the boat in the water. The foil idea is one that reduces the combined friction of the boat hull and the foil in the water. As you increase the power on a foil attached boat the foil lifts the boat reducing the friction of the hull, transferring the friction to the foil. The foil design has less friction than the hull. So the given amount of power is able to push the boat faster. Eventually to give the boat the appearance of flying over the water. Oh the magic of science.  

Do dolphins and tunas have a hull speed? Is this energy burden only an issue on the surface?  

Bobby... the surface I speak of is the surface of the boat against the water. The dolphin or a submarine, or tuna can have a calculated hull speed (so to speak). But now since they are totally submerged the calculation is less relevant. Of higher concern is the relationship of total surface friction to power capacity (energy burden)  

Simon Sexton

Will Gilmore said: Click to expand

Hunter216 said: turned into a treasure hunt for sunken beer Click to expand

Will Gilmore said: All hull shapes can plane Click to expand

jssailem said: The Length of the hull is used to calculate the hulls wave length. This calculation provides a theoretical "Hull Speed". Good so far? Click to expand

Will Gilmore said: if you are designing a planning hull, it would make sense to know how much power is expected to be needed to exceed hull speed Click to expand

Simon... While the idea is one of not likely, the concept is possible. It is all about the application of power. Most likely not a very good planing hull and in all likely hood beyond unstable. With the application of enough power you could get the hull. not likely the keel (it might even rip off the boat in the process) mostly out of the water and moving faster than the displacement 'hull speed'. That said not sure why you would want to, other than to test the theory. Note that hydroplanes lift out of the water and ride on their prop, based on their prop speed. With a displacement sail boat relying on sail power the only scenario that comes to mind would be riding down a Southern Ocean 60 foot swell (ok gravity is also at play) with a 50 knot wind pushing the boat and the sails are spread (right before they tear to shreds) and the boat crashes into the trough. The bow buries and the boat pitch poles. Vivid imagination eh?  

BobbyFunn said: Do dolphins and tunas have a hull speed? Click to expand

jssailem said: Vivid imagination eh? Click to expand

sailme88 said: A very good job was made in explaining the potential/theoretical hull speed. I may have missed it in all the posts, but it should be noted that the water line is not the static waterline length of a boat sitting at rest, rather the heeled and increased waterline. This line is a parabola that lengthens as a beamer hull heels. Click to expand

sailme88 said: Bombardier " Invitation" Click to expand

https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/a-scow wide bow/ huge rig = lots of speed with this design and no increase waterline length  

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Practical Sailor Reviews Seven Performance-Sailing Dinghies

Agile, fun boats like the classic sunfish and new hobie bravo keep the smile in summer sailing..

Photos by Ralph Naranjo

Messing around in small boats is a global theme-one thats embraced by pond-bound pram sailors, river riders, lake voyagers, and all of us who call salt water home. The purpose of this sailing dinghy profile is to highlight seven very interesting little sailboats. Some are new designs, and others have stood the test of time, but all are currently being manufactured, and each drives home just how much fun sailing close to the water can be.

This isn’t a shootout among anorexic speedsters or a report on the best tender that doubles as a sailing dinghy. Its a look at perennials like the Optimist, Sunfish, and Laser-legendary competitors that have helped spawn some of the best sailors in the world. But its also a look at three of the newest entries in the dinghy-sailing circle: Bics Open, Hobies Bravo, and Laser Performances Bug. These agile, new sailing dinghies are chock full of fun and boat-handling features to inspire kids of all ages to go sailing.

Well also take a look at Chesapeake Light Crafts kit approach to getting started-one that offers meaningful lessons and tangible rewards well before the boat ever hits the water.

Scale down an Open 60, add sail technology long favored by windsurfers, and put it into play in a tough thermo-formed hull, and you have the makings for a new kind of watercraft. The result is a very interesting blend of performance and reliability that targets adolescent interest. When all is said and done, Bics boat is more akin to a sit-down windsurfer than a traditional Blue Jay. And like all good boats, its vying for attention not just based on performance, construction quality, and style, but just as importantly, on the price tag stuck to the hull.

The Open Bics light weight and wide, flat stern section means that even small chop can be surfed; and bursts of planing on a reach add a zing factor to dinghy sailing. The Open Bic is already an International Sailing Federation (ISAF)-sanctioned class, and fleets are developing around the US. Another bonus: Its an easily portable boat that can be carried like a windsurfer, adding excitement to a Sunday picnic at the beach.

The thermo-formed polyethylene hull is a modified hard-chine design with lots of beam aft. Sailed flat, the boat is agile enough to surf wavelets, and with a shape thats ergonomically friendly to hiking, the ensuing heel on the upwind leg puts just the right amount of chine into the water. In light air, careful control of heel can significantly reduce wetted surface.

The design team that developed the Open Bic saw it as a transition bridge from Optimist sailing to a more performance-oriented dinghy. An interesting innovation is that the Open Bic can be sailed with an Optimists rig and blades. This buy the hull only approach can be a significant incentive for parents with children outgrowing their Opti as fast as their boat shoes. However it wont be long before the kids want the fully turbo-charged feel delivered with the Open Bics well-shaped 4.5-square-meters rig, sail, and nicely foiled blades.

Bottom line: The Open Bic is fast, agile, and buckets of fun for kids uninspired by sailing in the slow lane.

Just when you think that Hobie Cat Co. has covered whats possible in beach-cat innovation, their design/engineering crew comes up with a new twist that reinvents the wheel. The Hobie Bravo is a good case in point.

In a recent visit to Backyard Boats ( www.backyardboats.com ) in Annapolis, Md., we got a good look at the Bravo. Nearly as narrow as a monohull but still quite stable, this quick-to-launch beach cat packs plenty of get-up-and-go. Its a simple to sail, entry-level boat that fast tracks learning the steer, sheet, and hike trilogy. The boat features a single, midline rudder and roto-molded hulls. The shape of the hulls provides enough lateral plane to allow a crew to make headway to windward.

The narrow (4 feet), 12-foot Bravo uses crew weight and hiking straps to add to the righting moment once the breeze is up. Whats done with webbing on larger cats has been converted to a shallow, rigid deck well on the Bravo. It does raise the weight of the boat to 195 pounds, but it offers comfortable seating plus room for cushions and a cooler. Kids or grown ups can have a Tom Sawyer-Huck Finn type of adventure aboard this fun little sailing machine. Or the family on a beach picnic can set it up and take turns speed reaching along a sandy shoreline.

The furling mast supports a roachy sail with slightly slanted vertical battens, helping to shape the boomless mainsail. The result is convenient sail handling, decent performance, and superior safety. Theres no boom to clobber the crew, and the roller-furled sail and mast are easily stepped in the tripod-like receiver. This interesting set of struts raises the top bearing point of the mast step and spreads rig loads out to the hulls. The furling mainsail offers the ability to reef, a big plus in a building breeze or when teaching children to sail.

Like all of the boats in the Hobie lineup, theres a wide range of specialty parts and fittings that make the boats fast to rig and easy to handle. The kick-up rudder is hung on gudgeons mounted in the center of stern, and just as rig loads have been effectively spread via the tripod step, the energy radiating from the large rudder is spread athwartships via a contoured deck element.

Bottom line: The boat is quick to rig, easy to launch, and responsive to beginners-more experienced sailors will have just as much fun power reaching when the breeze is up.

A pocket-sized club trainer, the Bug is an evolution of the kids trainer/club racer that leverages lessons learned in Optis, Dyers, and Sabots. It pulls together the logic of a stable hull shape and simple-to-sail rig, and puts it all in a cost-effective package.

Lending to its success is designer Jo Richardss ergonomic, roto-molded hull, a fabrication that is as close to zero maintenance as a boat can get. The straight out-of-the-mold polyethylene skin gets a few decals, and theres no wood to refinish or gelcoat to wax. These tough, abrasion-resistant hulls have a bumper boat tolerance thats a big plus when it comes to kids learning to sail. Best of all, owners can start with a learn-to-sail rig and upgrade to a more performance-oriented mast and sail package (41 or 56 square feet) that kicks performance into the fast lane.

Oars and an outboard motor bracket can be added to turn the little sailboat into a dual-purpose dinghy. Even the bow painters means of attachment makes sense-no projecting hardware ready to knick the topsides of unintended contacts. Instead, theres a recessed hole in the stem allowing a line to be lead through and a knot used to keep the painter in place.

Bottom line: Aimed at club programs and families look for boats that can be transported on the car top, the Bug is easy to rig and definitely kid friendly. The fact that its manufacturer, Laser Performance, is an international interest and a major player in the performance dinghy industry means that this boat and its parts will be around for a while.

Photo courtesy of Hobie Cat Co.

Eastport Pram

Chesapeake Light Craft expedites boatbuilding for do-it-yourselfers looking to take their garage-built boats for a sail. The company pre-cuts parts, packs kits with all the materials, epoxy, and paint youll need, and leads homebuilders through a thoroughly detailed stitch-and-glue approach to assembly. Kits are available in various stages of completeness, ranging from plans only to the full package, including sail, hardware, running rigging, and paint.

The Eastport Pram is just shy of 8 feet, and the marine plywood and epoxy construction delivers a boat that weighs in, sans sailing rig, at just 62 pounds. Lighter than the comparatively sized Bug, this stiff, durable dinghy, rows like a real boat and sails comfortably with one or two aboard. In keeping with other good tender attributes, the Pram behaves under tow and is equally amicable when propelled by a small outboard or tacked up an estuary under sail.

Kit boatbuilding continues to have a niche following. Theres also an added-value feature worth noting: On one hand, the builder receives a box of pieces and the result of his or her endeavor leads to an aesthetic and utilitarian dinghy. In addition, the DIY skills the builder develops will be useful in other epoxy bonding, brightwork, or mono-urethane application projects. Such talents will benefit many other boat maintenance endeavors.

Whats hard to quantify is the sense of accomplishment derived from sailing a boat that you have built yourself. When the project is tackled in tandem with a child, spouse, or friend, the memories and the boat will last.

Bottom line: With neither sidedecks or a sealed hull, this is not a boat thats easy to recover from a capsize. So once the kids favor on-the-edge sailing in a building breeze, a non swamping, easier-righting boat is probably a better option. The Pram can then be put to use by their appreciative parents or grandparents.

Never in their wildest dreams did Bruce Kirby and Ian Bruce imagine that the Weekender (the Lasers original name) was destined to become an Olympic class sailboat and one of the most popular springboards for top-tier sailors in the world today. Originally envisioned as a car-topper for weekend campers, the cat-rigged, low freeboard sailing dinghy morphed from its original roots into a boat favored by college competitors and revered by generations of agile sailors of all ages. Even frostbiting winter sailors have locked onto the Laser.

Designed in 1969, the Lasers first few years were anything but smooth sailing. Popularity grew quickly, but along with the limelight came plenty of consternation. Dubbed a surfboard not a sailboat by a growing cross-section of the yachting elite-many parents warned junior sailors to steer as clear of Lasers as they did sex, drugs and rock-n-roll. The campaign failed, and junior sailors in yacht club programs around the country fell into the grip of the new one-design dinghy-discovering the sailboats proclivity to plane.

Dyer Dhows languished in boat sheds across the country as a new theme in sailing took hold. Dubbed fast is fun by sailor/engineer Bill Lee, the young Merlin of Santa Cruz, Calif., took the theme to big-boat sailing, merging California culture with the Laser logic of light displacement and planing hull shapes.

Best of all, the Laser embraced the ideal of a tightly controlled one-design class that put people on the water in identical boats and left winning and losing races up to sailing skill and tactics rather than a boats performance edge. For decades, the boat has been the single-handed sailors choice among junior sailing programs, and with the addition of the Radial, 4.7 and M rigs, smaller competitors have also found the boat to be a great sailing platform. Today, theres some lawyer saber-rattling over the sale of the design rights, but the boat remains more popular than ever.

The sleeved sail, two-part spar, daggerboard, and kick-up rudder make the boat a quick-to-rig and fast-to-get underway dinghy. Light-air efficiency is good for a one-design sailboat, but this means that as the breeze builds, the non-reefable sail can become a handful in a hurry. In fact, the boats Dr. Jekyll-and-Mr. Hyde demeanor is what builds talent among Laser practitioners. The big boys block the mainsail and blast off for the layline, while lighter sailors heavy-weather tactics include more nuanced de-powering and feathering. In light air, the tables turn, and the winner is often the sailor who planes quickest on the reaches. The old guards surfboard slam may have held some credence after all.

Bottom line: The Laser is a timeless classic thats easily transported and is built for performance. Its well suited to adrenaline-seeking teens as well as the more fit adult crowd.

Designed in 1947 by Floridian Clark Mills, the utilitarian Optimist could be made out of two sheets of plywood-and from its inception, the Optimist was meant to link kids with the water. Slipping into obscurity in the U.S., the little pram found fertile ground to grow in northern Europe. With just a few tweaks, the Scandinavians took Millss lines and parlayed them into whats become the favored junior sailing trainer for kids from Detroit to Timbuktu. Statistics show that there are about 30 builders worldwide putting out approximately 4,000 boats each year. With about 130,000 boats class registered and an estimated 300,000 total hulls built (amateur and pro), theres plenty of reasons to get excited about an Opti.

The example weve chosen is the USA-built McLaughlin boat, both a demonstration of high-quality FRP construction and modern manufacturing techniques. Its also a boat that can be purchased in a range of performance-inducing iterations-upgrades designated as club, intermediate, advanced, and professional versions. Like all performance sailboats, stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio is important. But class rules include a minimum weight, so the most competitive hulls meet the mandatory lower limit but use good engineering and building technique to reinforce the daggerboard slot and mast step and produce overall stiffness.

The low mast height and high aspect ratio sprit sail is very versatile, affording young (and small, 65 to 130 pounds) sailors a wide window of decent performance. The flat bottom, slab-sided hull is responsive to crew weight-driven trim changes, and the better the sailor, the more agile they become. Light-air performance is all about minimizing wetted surface and maximizing sail area projection. When the breeze starts to kick up, the sailor becomes the ballast, and the art of hiking, sheet handling, and tiller wiggling come into play.

Under careful adult supervision, two 6- to 8-year-olds can double-hand the friendly little dinghy, or one more-confident child can solo sail it. In fact, introducing kids to sailing with similar proportioned small prams has been a right of passage around for decades. A set of oarlock gudgeons can turn the pram into a functional dinghy thats also adaptable to the smaller Torqeedo outboard (www.torqeedo.com).

McLaughlin also markets a Roto-molded polyethylene version of the Opti and sells DIY kits for those who want to create their own wood version.

Bottom line: The Opti is like a first bicycle without the need for training wheels. The fact that at the last Olympics, over 80 percent of the winning sailors had gotten their start in an Optimist speaks well to the value of messing around in this particular dinghy.

Designed in 1951 by ice boaters Alexander Bryan and Cortland Heyniger, the hard chine Sunfish was the prototype board boat. In 1959, it made the transition into fiberglass, and over the following half-century, more than a quarter-million hulls would hit the water. Simplicity and decent sailing attributes combined with an attractive price to make the Sunfish the most popular one-design dinghy ever raced.

Far more than a platform for racers, these boats are an excellent training tool for sailors of all ages. Also built by Laser Performance, they reflect the fun of summer and put sailors in close contact with the water on which they sail. Its no surprise that the larger fleets coincide with warm water and many see going for a swim to be part and parcel of the low-freeboard experience.

The lateen rig is in keeping with the overall design concept and simplifies rigging. A short stub of a mast is stepped and a single halyard hoists the sail along with tilting V-shaped upper and lower booms.

The total sail area is nearly the same as the Laser, but the halyard hoist versatility of the lateen rig make it a handy beach boat and a little less daunting when the wind begins to build. The clean sail shape on one tack and deformation caused by the mast on the other tack are a slight drawback. The Laser rig is more efficient, but when caught out in a squall, its nice to be able to ease the halyard and dump the sail. Its also handy to be able to leave the boat tethered to a mooring, and the doused sail and short mast make it possible.

Multiple generations of sailors are often found sailing Sunfish, and the boat represents one of the best bargains to be found in the used boat market. When considering a pre owned boat, the potential buyer needs to take a close look at the daggerboard-to-hull junction and mast step, points where previous damage can create hard-to-fix leaks.

Bottom line: The Sunfish is a great beach boat that can turn a hot afternoon into a fun-filled water experience.

There were no losers in this group, and picking winners and runners-up proved a difficult task. The outcome had to be based on assumptions about how these boats would be used. For example, parents with a competitive 9-year-old who swims like a fish, always sprints for the head of the lunch line, and likes to steal bases in Little League probably have an Opti racer in the making. Less competitive junior sailors-future cruisers in the making-will do better learning aboard a Bug. Many newly formed sailing clubs target the boat as their trainer of choice.

The Bravo holds plenty of appeal for those with a lakeside cottage or a favored campground destination. Whether its a solo sail just before sunset or a fun race on Sunday, the quick to set up and put away features are a plus, and for those who feel that two hulls are better-the Bravo will hold plenty of appeal.

Serious competitors can campaign a Laser for life, and whether youre headed for a local district regatta or getting ready for the Olympic trials, the hull, rig, and sail remains identical-sort of like the Monaco Grand Prix being raced in a street legal Mustang.

Bic Opens new little speedster tickled our fancy, and as a trainer/performance boat crossover, it drew a strong nod of approval. Watching the junior sailors smiles as they sailed their Open Bics endorsed our opinion.

And if there is any boat that defines the essence of summer, the Sunfish takes the prize.

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How Long is a Sunfish Sailboat?

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

August 30, 2022

The Sunfish is a popular small recreation and racing sailboat that’s meant for one or two people. But how long is a Sunfish, and what are its other dimensions?

A Sunfish sailboat is 13 feet and 9 inches long, which is equivalent to 4.19 meters or 419 centimeters. A Sunfish has a beam (width) of 4 feet and 1 inch, 1.24 meters, or 124 centimeters.

In this article, we’ll cover the dimensions of a Sunfish sailboat and why the design measures out as it does. Additionally, we’ll cover other characteristics related to length, such as the size of the trailer needed for towing and the height of the mast.

We sourced the information in this article directly from Laser Performance , which is the company that currently manufactures Sunfish sailboats.

Table of contents

‍ Sunfish Sailboat Length

The Sunfish is a small sailboat that’s designed for one or two people, though it’s most comfortable with a single operator. The overall length of the Sunfish is 13 feet and 9 inches, or 4.19 meters. This puts the Sunfish squarely in the “dinghy” length category, though it handles nothing like a dinghy.

Despite being the same length as a typical sailing dinghy, the Sunfish is significantly faster and more nimble. But why is there such a big difference, and what does length have to do with it? The key to the Sunfish’s performance lies in this shape and design.

Sunfish Sailboat Overall Dimensions

The sun Gish has a narrow beam of just 4 feet and 1 inch, or 1.24 meters. With the centerboard up, the Sunfish draws only about 6 inches of water—meaning it skims right on top of the water with very little drag. Compare this to a typical sailing dinghy, which draws much more water over a wider stance.

With the centerboard down, the Sunfish has a draft of 3.33 feet or 1.01 meters. However, 90% of that is simply because of the thin centerboard—which helps the boat track straight and creates virtually no forward drag.

Sunfish Cockpit

Sunfish sailors sit on the deck and secure their feet in the cockpit, which allows them to lean over the water when the boat catches the wind and begins to heel aggressively.

This is necessary, because remember, the Sunfish is a racing dinghy. The Sunfish cockpit is a little over three feet long and just a couple of feet wide, though precise dimensions vary slightly between years.

Sunfish Mast and Boom Length

Virtually all Sunfish masts are made of 2-inch diameter hollow aluminum tubing. The standard length of a Sunfish mast is 10 feet or around 3.05 meters. The Sunfish boom is longer than the mast and measures 13 feet 8 inches or 3.96 meters. The spar is also the same length as the boom, and both are made with about 1-inch thick aluminum tubing.

Is the Sunfish Faster than Longer Boats?

The Sunfish has the potential to be faster than some longer sailboats, despite the traditional limitations of hull speed. This is because the Sunfish is small and has a very minimal displacement.

It doesn’t plane like a speedboat per se, but its flat bottom allows it to get lift and glide across the water with minimal hydrodynamic interference. On a brisk and windy day, the Sunfish can beat many larger displacement sailboats in terms of speed.

The Sunfish’s speed advantage also comes from its large sail area, which is significant for its small size and displacement. This 13-foot sailboat has a sail area of 75 square feet or 7 meters squared.

These characteristics also make the Sunfish somewhat difficult for novices to control, as it’s easy to get overpowered by a strong gust.

Sunfish Trailer Dimensions

Many kinds of boat trailers have hauled around Sunfish sailboats over the years. Generally speaking, the best trailer size for a Sunfish is one that hauls a maximum-sized boat of 14 feet. These trailers usually have an 800-pound capacity and are made of steel or aluminum.

The minimum length of the bow eye to the transom on these trailers is between 7 feet 8 inches and 10 feet. These trailers also vary in length, but they’re usually between 16 feet and 18 feet long. The largest Sunfish trailers are about 22 feet long, and these are usually designed to carry larger and heavier boats.

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Average Speed of a Sailboat

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What are the average cruising speeds for a 30-40' displacement and semi displacement hull sailboat?  

6-9 knots depending on conditions and the boat.  

If you are talking about averages over the course of a long sail, I think that is a bit high.  

As was said, this is a tricky question. But, for consideration, a well-sailed cruising boat on passage will make about 75-80% of her hull-speed potential over a 24-hour period. Example: Waterline length: 34' Hull speed: 5.8*1.4 = 8.2 knots 80% of hull speed: 6.56 knots 24-hour run: 157.4 nm Mine does a bit better, averaging 6.7 knots or 160 nm per day on offshore passages on a 34.2' waterline (27K lbs displacement, 42' LOA). Obviously, there are many variables. But, the "80% rule" often comes close, I've found. Bill  

I'd agree with what our esteemed moderator has said. Low, about 4 knots. High, about 6 knots. Subject of course to weather being higher or lower than usual. With GPS, you'll know your speed over the bottom. With a wood or stryofoam chip, timed from bow to stern, you'll know what your speed through the water is. They you'll know if you're sailing in current. But our estimates on the web don't mean much to you on the water, you'll have to take both an over-ground and a through-water speed, then compare to see if you are in a current and if so what its direction is.  

All these guestimates also need to take into account the point of sail and the wind speeds vs the different designs. I suspect there's little difference between "displacement" and "semi-displacement" designs. However a boat that can outright plane in certain conditions will have a much higher potential threshold with the right wind speed, course and sea state. JRP's estimates for overall average speed look good.  

To figure out how long it will take to get somewhere, figure 5kts as a average. When bragging at the local sailing bar, figure the hull speed plus 10%. Unless you are in the trade winds, then figure on 75% of hull speed depending on the skipper, condition of sails, the load of the boat multiple times a random number derived from adding up the letters of the words "silly question". Sorry, had to do it.  

chucklesR said: To figure out how long it will take to get somewhere, figure 5kts as a average. Click to expand...

I measure average speed in quarts of rum per hour. Is that incorrect?!?  

What are the average cruising speeds for a 30-40' displacement and semi displacement hull sailboat? Click to expand...

Thanks for all the feedback. Everyone's answers was exactly what I was looking for.  

One variable no one mentioned is where you are cruising. When we crossed Lake Michigan years ago, we used to figure 5 knots as minimum speed, because the run was about 60 NM where we usually crossed, and we always liked to do it in the 7 AM to 7 PM time frame. If the wind fell off and our speed dropped below 5 knots, we would start the engine. However, when crossing an ocean, you really don't want to start the engine because you don't carry enough fuel to run the engine for a couple weeks!  

Gunny!! Yer back!! Where ya been??  

Hey CamJ Just living life. Merger-ed myself out of a job, took up selling health and life insurance. That took sometime to get the license and learn selling skills. I still get out in the bay. Have more time to go thru the board since I work from a "home" office, (read bunny slippers, coffee, computer, and telephone.) (Ok I really don't wear bunny slippers).  

I'll chime in on the 5 kts average. That's what I use when cruising under conditions that don't allow for long term use of engine when the wind dies. The times you are bombing along at 8 kts are offset by the times when you are drifting in circles. And of course all bets are off it you are going to windward in light stuff.  

I use a 6 knot average when I am planing a cruise. I find it easier to do the time, distance and speed calculations in my head when I use 6 knots. I aways late though.!!!  

Of course you all realize that the amount of marine growth on the bottom makes a difference also. Ultra clean bottom 6+ kts Average clean bottom 5+ kts grassy bottom 4+ kts botanical gardens on the bottom 2+ kts Now how close am I??  

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