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O Yachts Class 6

Safety at Speed

Dan Lévy launched O Yachts with the Class 4, a design by Lerouge, and he has followed this success up with the Class 6 , a design that is turning heads and making waves in the catamaran industry. The O in O-Yachts stands for Owner – these are catamarans that are developed with their owners in a partnership with the yard.

Dan’s first aim from his Latvian base, northeast of Riga, is to produce yachts that protect their owners from anything that the weather can throw at them, and that can eat up the nautical miles offshore safely, at speed. The Class 6 is setting high standards. This is a world cruiser that is competing strongly with the likes of the Garcia Explocat 52 and the HH range.

Like the O-Yachts Class 4 , this bigger boat is a catamaran for sailors and their families who want to travel big distances over an extended period of time in safety and comfort. It’s a very spacious yacht that is capable of fast cruising in a controlled fashion, whatever the state of the sea.

Keeping the Weight Off With a length of 19.50m (64 foot), the O-Yachts Class 6 weighs only 15 tonnes light. Go for the full carbon option and this number comes down to 13.5.

Dan Levy, along with Laurent Bourgnon (sadly no longer with us, double winner of the Route du Rhum, as well as the Transat Jacques-Vabre  with his brother Yvan), dreamt up this catamaran whose signature feature is a spine or longitudinal central beam that provides the boat with rigidity, stability and buoyancy in steep waves. The mast and forestay are fixed to this structure and the design allows for a large 44 square metre living space unhindered by cross beams.

Keel or Boards? In light winds, the Class 6 will sail at wind speeds and over. Make your own wind for more sailing and less motoring! The large, curved dagger-boards (an option, you can also specify keels) give a draft of 3.8 meters or 12½ feet when down, helping the Class 6 to pinch upwind, particularly in calmer conditions.

A Luxury Sporty Cat

The first priority of this boat is safety at sea, but make no mistake – this is a comfortable catamaran that goes places fast (and gets you out of trouble quickly). Performance means safety and 300 nm a day in good conditions is the target on this boat.

There is more than 44 m² (473 sq ft) of living space in the nacelle. Who needs a flybridge increasing your windage and forcing your sail and centre of effort higher?

High Tech Construction

Talk to Dan Levy, and this is clearly an area that he is passionate about. One of the keys aspects of producing a safe boat is strength, so the Class 6 has been “over engineered” in this respect. There is a spectrum of materials you can choose from, depending on your wish list and budget. These range from Vinylester resin/carbon-glass-kevlar/Gelcoat on the Performance pack to Epoxy resin/100% carbon + kevlar/paint on the Race pack.

Weight control is a big factor in the design of these yachts, so  carbon fiber is used for all the outer and inner skins. Foam is inserted into this sandwich, and the whole packagage is vacuum infused with epoxy and reinforced with Kevlar in high stress and potential impact areas.

This all-carbon construction gives a light displacement of 15 tons, with an ability to carry loads up to a total weight of 18 tons. The spine means that there is no forward crossbeam, and it gives an impressive rigidity to the narrow hulls. The axe bows are also designed to efficiently pierce through waves and space is maximised through the use of chines.

With the curved daggerboards option and lifting rudders mounted in a well, the draft can be reduced to 0.9 m (3 feet).

Sailing – Safety First

Examples include a rotating mast and carbon boom with hydraulic furling system. The staysail, genoa and gennaker, can also furl hydraulically. The sail plan emphasises the priority of this yacht which is safety. You will be matching wind speed with the main and XL Genoa (104m2) in light air (3 to 10kts). With a Code 0 or Gennaker flying off the bowsprit, you will be sailing faster than TWS.

The steering systems can be configured as wheel steering or tiller steering with seats.

Mainsail, Genoa, Solent and Storm Sail The O Yachts Class 6 typically comes with a mainsail and genoa which can be unfurled with a press of a button. You will have a variety of lighter wind sails to fly off the bowsprit (Code 0, 280 m² gennaker, also on hydraulics). With these flying you will be faster than wind speed on a reach in calmer conditions. With the sheets coming back to hydraulic winches at the helm, it doesn’t take long to furl the genoa and deploy the self-tacking staysail if the wind picks up. And this being a safety first boat, there is an option for a storm sail as well.

Centred Mast Another benefit of the spine is that it has enabled the designers to set the mast further back than you would normally see on a comparable catamaran. This is a trick more recently used by Gunboat on their 68 to achieve a balanced sail-plan, and it means that the main sail area is only 109m2 (or 1173.27 sq) ft in favour of more sail area up front: which is easier to manage of course. The centralised mast position also helps to give a stable, smooth ride.

Living Space

This is an  area where the Class 6 excels. The saloon/cockpit area is 44 m² or 475 square feet, a huge living space with an enormous galley. This is a French designed boat after all.

The sliding window at the back of the saloon opens right up to give you an Open+ design. Down below, the berths are wide with island beds in the aft cabins thanks to those chines. Forward, the berths are arranged athwartships and higher up, in order to accommodate the performance of the bows. Foam sandwich is used in the furniture to keep the weight down.

That said, the choice is yours on this boat: pick one of the following options:

– Fixed keel (Simple, more buoyancy) – Daggerboards – Asymetric daggerboards – Curved Asymetric daggerboards

The whole idea of the Class 6 is to keep the engines off, but how does she perform coming into the marina?

She Motors Well, the Class 6 comes with twin 80 HP Yanmar engines. You will begin to appreciate the shape of those hulls, as with these running at 2,500 rpm, you will be pushed along at ten knots in a steady sea, using around 11 litres per hour (2.9 US gal/h).

Use half the fuel and only one engine and you will cruise comfortably at 7 knots.

The O Yachts Class 6 competes in a hot market segment:  luxury fast catamarans. But what sets the Class 6 apart, is its emphasis on safety and comfort.

Yes, this boat is fast, but that’s almost a by product of this innovative design. The living space feels like a New York apartment. The boat has been kept light, is rigid and has a punchy sail plan (without being overpowered).

If you are looking for a yacht to take you long distances, the Class 6 ought to be on your shopping list. Dan claims that the Class 6 is the best catamaran a couple can manage without skipper. It is hard not to agree with him.

There is even a power version, with a Smart Hybrid power unit (one diesel engine, one electric).

For more information on the Class 6, head to O-Yachts .

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Engures ostā O Yachts uzbūvējis ceturto "4 Klases" katamarānu

Jaunākais izdevums, dalies ar šo rakstu.

Engures ostā uzņēmums SIA “O Yachts” ir uzbūvējis savu ceturto 14m garo “4 Klases” katamarānu “AONYX”, vēsta Tukuma novada pašvaldība.

Ar pārtraukumu uzņēmums SIA “O Yachts” strādā jau 6 gadus, kuru laikā ir uzbūvēti četri “4 Klases” (14m) katamarāni un divi “6 Klases” (līdz 20m), kuri 2021. gadā ir nominēti par labākajiem multi-korpusu klasē līdz 60 pēdām Eiropā un pasaulē.

Jaunais katamarāns veiksmīgi tiek gatavots ceļam uz Karību jūru un uzņēmums gatavojas būvēt nākamo “4 klases” katamarānu.

Kā top? SIA O-yachts katamarāni  

Šajā piektdienā biznesa portāls db.lv viesojas SIA «O- Yachts», vērojot, kā tiek...

Engures ostas pārvaldnieks Jānis Megnis uzskata, ka Engures ostai ir pamats lepoties ar šādu ražotni ostā, kas ir unikāla ne tikai Latvijas bet arī Baltijas mērogā.

Saskaņā ar Latvijas transporta un ostu attīstības vadlīnijām, kā viena no mazo ostu prioritātēm ir definēta ražošana, kuras neatņemama sastāvdaļa ir zvejniecība un jūras transports. Šajā segmentā Engures osta izceļ zivju apstrādes uzņēmumu SIA “Unda”, jau minēto SIA “O Yachts”, kā arī ar 2020. gadā dibināto kuģu būves uzņēmumu SIA "Invessel”. SIA “Invessel” šobrīd būvē zvejas kuģi Norvēgijai, kurš tiks nolaists ūdenī šā gada beigās vai nākošā gada sākumā un tieši no Engures ostas varēs doties zvejot Ziemeļu un Norvēģu jūrās.

Šogad Engures ostas pārvalde Igaunijas-Latvijas Pārrobežu sadarbības programmas 2014.-2020.gadam projekta “Austrumbaltijas jahtu ostu tīkla pilnveidošana un popularizēšana, EST-LAT177” ietvaros plāno uzstādīt degvielas uzpildes staciju jahtām un papildus jahtu piestātņu pontonus. Engures ostas pārvaldei šim projektam pieejamais budžets ir 100 000 eiro, t.sk. ERAF līdzfinansējums 85 000 eiro un Valsts budžeta līdzfinansējums 5%.

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Body of British tech magnate Mike Lynch recovered from sunken superyacht as search enters final stages

PORTICELLO, Italy — The body of British tech magnate Mike Lynch was recovered from the wreck of a superyacht that sank off Sicily , a source familiar with the matter told CNBC on Thursday.

The source said rescuers were still searching for Lynch’s 18-year-old daughter, Hannah, the l ast p er son missing from the luxury boat , which went down in what authorities said was a freak storm early Monday.

A massive search effort was launched, and four bodies were recovered from the 180-foot Bayesian on Wednesday after an operation hampered by the depth to which the wreck had sunk and the debris that blocked divers’ path through its narrow passages.

Salvatore Cocina, head of Sicily’s civil protection agency, confirmed to NBC News on Thursday morning that a fifth body had been recovered. And hours later, CNBC reported that the body of Lynch, regularly described in U.K. media as “Britain’s Bill Gates,” was among them.

The U.K.'s Royal Academy of Engineering said Thursday morning that it was “deeply saddened to learn of the death of Mike Lynch,” who is one of its fellows. “Our thoughts are with his family and friends at this time,” the academy said in a statement on X .

The others missing were Lynch's associates, who had successfully defended him in a blockbuster U.S. fraud trial earlier this summer: Jonathan Bloomer, chairman of Morgan Stanley International and the British insurance firm Hiscox, and his wife, Judy; and a well-known New York City defense attorney, Christopher Morvillo, and his wife, Neda.

The body of Recaldo Thomas, a Canadian Antiguan national who was the ship’s cook, was recovered shortly after the accident Monday. 

Fifteen of the 22 people onboard survived.

Waves gently crashed against the rocks of Porticello, a port near the Italian island’s main city, Palermo, with the sea calm as rescuers brought ashore green body bags Wednesday — a stark contrast to just three days ago, when officials believe the yacht was hit by a tornado over the water, known as a waterspout.

The vessel was anchored about a half-mile offshore when it sank, leaving divers to search its hull on the seabed 164 feet underwater.

The dock has swarmed for days with journalists, photographers and curious onlookers taking photos with their smartphones as rescue teams traveled to and from the site of the wreck.

Claudio Lavanga reported from Porticello and Yuliya Talmazan from London.

Claudio Lavanga is Rome-based foreign correspondent for NBC News.

Yuliya Talmazan is a reporter for NBC News Digital, based in London.

62b Juras Iela

Lv-3113. engure, tel : +33 699 40 3456.  (gsm/whatsapp…), email : [email protected], 2 hours fly from paris., 2h30 from london, your message.

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L'inchiesta sul Bayesian, si punta su una catena di errori

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PALERMO , 22 agosto 2024, 19:00

Redazione ANSA

Bayesian: riprese le ricerche di Hannah Lynch - RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA

   In attesa delle operazioni di recupero del Bayesian, il veliero affondato davanti alla costa di Porticello, per esaminare l'imbarcazione e la scatola nera dalle quali si attendono elementi decisivi, l'attenzione di investigatori ed inquirenti si concentra sulle cause del naufragio avvenuto all'alba di lunedì in seguito a una tromba d'aria. E si fa sempre più strada l'ipotesi di una catena di errori alla base dell'incidente.

    Le indagini della Capitaneria di porto sono coordinate dal procuratore Ambrogio Cartosio che fin dall'inizio ha mantenuto uno strettissimo riserbo sull'inchiesta, annunciando una conferenza stampa solo per sabato prossimo. Si indaga per naufragio, disastro, omicidio plurimo e lesioni. L'ipotesi su cui si stanno concentrando gli inquirenti sarebbe appunto quella di una presunta catena di errori umani che avrebbe provocato l'affondamento dello yacht. La deriva mobile, parzialmente alzata, potrebbe avere avuto un ruolo determinante nella minore stabilità dello scafo, insieme ad alcuni portelloni aperti che avrebbero imbarcato una grande massa d'acqua in poco tempo favorendo il rapido inabissamento del veliero. E ancora i motori spenti e il mancato funzionamento del sistema che in questi casi dovrebbe sigillare i boccaporti e gli accessi all'interno. Di tutta questa possibile serie di errori ha parlato anche l'Ad di Italian Sea Group Giovanni Costantino, la società che ha rilevato Perini Navi, azienda costruttrice del Bayesian. "Tutto ciò che è stato fatto - dice - rivela una sommatoria lunghissima di errori. le persone non dovevano essere nelle cabine, la barca non doveva essere all'ancora. E poi perché l'equipaggio non sapeva della perturbazione in arrivo? Era tutto prevedibile".     L'evento accaduto, aggiunge Costantino "avrebbe rappresentato un rischio pari a zero se fossero state fatte le manovre corrette e se non fossero intervenuto delle situazioni che hanno compromesso la stabilità della nave".     Sarà l'inchiesta a dare le risposte. Il Pm Raffaele Cammarano ha già interrogato tra martedì sera e ieri il comandante dello yacht, James Cutfield, e gli altri superstiti. Il capitano neozelandese avrebbe dichiarato di non essersi accorto dell'arrivo improvviso della tempesta.

Resta tuttavia da capire come sia stato possibile che un'imbarcazione di 56 metri, dotata di tutte le più sofisticate tecnologie e apparecchiature radar, sia potuta colare a picco in pochi minuti, come dimostrano i video acquisiti dagli inquirenti dalle ville e da un circolo velico della zona.     Una volta completate le operazioni di recupero delle sette vittime saranno disposte dalla procura le autopsie sui corpi all'istituto di medicina legale del Policlinico di Palermo. Per questi atti irripetibili tutte le persone interessate alle indagini, sia come presunti responsabili sia come parti lese, vanno avvisate e messe in condizione di assistere, personalmente o attraverso propri legali e consulenti esperti. Ci saranno dunque le prime iscrizioni nel registro degli indagati.     Al momento i 15 superstiti hanno scelto di farsi seguire nella vicenda giudiziaria da una importante compagnia legale inglese che dovrebbe curare anche i delicati aspetti legati ai risarcimenti assicurativi. Tra i sopravvissuti al naufragio figura Angela Bacares, 57 anni, moglie di Mike Lynch, il magnate britannico che con i suoi amici e il legale di fiducia stava festeggiando la recente assoluzione dall'accusa di frode negli Usa. La donna è la responsabile della società proprietaria del Bayesian, il veliero gestito dal broker Camper e Nicholsons.   

Riproduzione riservata © Copyright ANSA

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Il naufragio del bayesian: recuperato il corpo di mike lynch, manca la figlia hannah, chi è james cutfield, il comandante dello yacht, un neozelandese esperto, ultima ora di cronaca, otto anni fa il sisma, arquata del tronto ricorda le vittime, feriti per rifiuto prestazioni sessuali, 5 arresti, bayesian: individuato il corpo di hannah lynch, ultima dispersa, recuperato in mare un rostro della battaglia delle egadi, piantedosi, cultura responsabilità contro gli incidenti stradali, tenta di violentare una donna, arrestato 16enne, asl brindisi, garantita assistenza a bimba con necrosi al gluteo, cordata precipita sul cervino, un morto e un ferito.

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Ocse, nel g20 cala l'export merci e aumentano le importazioni, iran, 'paesi ue correggano le politiche sbagliate su di noi', inps, in 6 mesi crollate visite mediche di controllo, -30,7%, borsa: l'europa sale e guarda a powell, milano +0,92%, algoritmo sanziona i rider per low performance, protesta la cgil, kiev, 'centrale zaporizhzhia di nuovo su orlo blackout'.

Recuperato il quinto corpo dello yacht affondato a Palermo. È Mike Lynch, manca solo la figlia

AGI - È in una fase di svolta l'inchiesta della procura di Termini Imerese (Palermo) sul naufragio del mega-yacht Bayesian, a mezzo miglio dalla costa di Porticello, in territorio di Santa Flavia (Palermo): gli inquirenti stanno valutando se attendere l'eventuale recupero del corpo della sesta dispersa, Hannah Lynch, prima di procedere alla nomina dei consulenti - medici legali e anatomo-patologi - che dovranno eseguire le autopsie. Se però il recupero dovesse essere più complesso o difficile di quanto finora avvenuto per gli altri cinque corpi o se i resti della diciottenne figlia del tycoon inglese Mike Lynch, anche lui perito nel naufragio, non si dovessero trovare nel relitto del Bayesian, gli avvisi per le prime autopsie potrebbero essere fatti anche nelle prossime ore o al più domattina, in modo da fissare gli esami dei cadaveri entro la fine della settimana o nei primissimi giorni della prossima.

Le autopsie sono "atti irripetibili" e dunque tutte le persone potenzialmente interessate alle indagini, sia come presunti responsabili di reati sia come familiari delle vittime, vanno avvisate e messe in condizione di assistere, personalmente o attraverso propri legali e consulenti esperti, all'esecuzione, prevista nell'istituto di Medicina legale del Policlinico di Palermo. Le indagini della Guardia costiera di Palermo, coordinate dal procuratore termitano Ambrogio Cartosio e dal sostituto Raffaele Cammarano, vanno comunque avanti.

È quello di Mike Lynch il corpo del quinto diperso recuperato dai vigili del fuoco all'interno del relitto Bayesian a 50 metri di profondita', a mezzo miglio da Porticello. Manca all'appello solo la figlia 18enne Hannah del magnate britannico dell'informatica.

La cronaca del 21 agosto

Quattro cadaveri recuperati e portati a terra; un quinto individuato nel relitto. Nel primo pomeriggio arriva la svolta a circa 50 metri di profondità, dove una tempesta, all'alba di lunedì, ha scaraventato un super yacht battente bandiera britannica. Le squadre speleo-sub dei vigili del fuoco hanno setacciato l'area cabine del Bayesian e hanno trovato prima due corpi, poco dopo altri due. In serata, secondo fonti, è stato individuato un quinto corpo. E sarebbero state identificate le quattro salme recuperate: si tratterebbe del presidente della Morgan Stanley International, Jonathan Bloomer, e sua moglie, Judy ; l'avvocato Chris Morvillo , dello studio legale Clifford Chance, insieme alla moglie Neda . Mancherebbero all'appello, dunque, il magnate britannico dell'informatica Mike Lynch , che aveva voluto questa festa galleggiante per la sua assoluzione, e la figlia 18enne Hannah . Poche ore dopo il naufragio era stato trovato, all'esterno del relitto, lo chef canadese-antiguano Recaldo Thomas.

Un'operazione estremamente delicata questa condotta dai sommozzatori dei vigili del fuoco, con il coordinamento della Guardia costiera. Alla profondità impegnativa che rende necessario ridurre i tempi di immersione di ciascun team composto da due unità, si aggiunge la ristrettezza degli ambienti da esplorare e la presenza di numerosi oggetti che ostacolano la penetrazione. È una "piccola Concordia" hanno detto i 4 di loro che parteciparono ai soccorsi alla nave della Costa naufragata il 12 gennaio 2012 davanti all'Isola del Giglio. Un dispositivo composto da 27 sommozzatori, 11 gli speleo, 8 sono quelli abilitati Dno (decompressione in nitrox) che utilizzano miscele in fase di decompressione che consentono una permanenza maggiore in immersione alla profondita' di 50 metri. Mentre un "robot" della Guardia costiera è capace di operare sul fondale marino fino a 300 metri, con un'autonomia tra le 6 e le 7 ore, registrando video e immagini dettagliate, elementi utili per ricostruire la dinamica dell'incidente ai fini dell'inchiesta

È entrata in una fase delicata anche l'attività della procura di Termini Imerese. L'ufficio diretto da Ambrogio Cartosio sta ascoltando i superstiti del naufragio. Per un paio d'ore è stato sentito il comandante, James Cutfield , 51 anni, della Nuova Zelanda, per ricostruire cosa è successo sia prima sia durante la tempesta che nelle prime ore del mattino ha colpito la rada. Solo il super yacht battente bandiera britannica è affondato nel giro di pochi minuti, mentre altre imbarcazioni - anche più piccole - hanno resistito. I pm si sono avvalsi di un interprete e hanno chiesto anche conto del comportamento dell'equipaggio, composto da 10 persone, 9 delle quali sopravvissute.

Il pm Raffaele Cammarano ha poi ascoltanto altri superstiti. Testimonianze importanti che permetteranno a chi indaga di valutare il peso in questa vicenda dell'eccezionalità di un evento atmosferico avverso e del tutto imprevedibile, oppure dell'errore umano che prende piede, che potrebbe consistere anche nel non aver previsto o non avere saputo fronteggiare una situazione che, per quanto sicuramente complicata, non ha procurato alcun danno alla goletta che era ormeggiato a poca distanza dal Bayesian, il Sir Robert Baden Powell, da cui anzi sono partiti i primissimi soccorsi per i naufraghi. Tra i nodi quello di un portellone che potrebbe essere stato lasciato aperto, o della deriva mobile del natante trovata dai sub sollevata che avrebbe potuto provocare l'affondamento in pochissimi minuti, "da tre a cinque, dal momento in cui la barca è stata sollevata dalle onde del mare fino a quando è affondata", secondo le parole di alcuni superstiti raccolte dai soccorritori. Possibile errori umani che potrebbero essere stati fatali.

L'aria è che ancora più mesta nel resort Domina Zagarella di Santa Flavia dove i superstiti sono ospitati, trasformato in una sorta di quartier generale per chi indaga, sempre più blindato, protetto anche dall'unità di gestione crisi attivata dalla ditta armatrice che fa riferimento a una società legata a Angela Bacares, moglie di Lynch, il Bill Gates britannico.

❌ #Porticello #Palermo , si sono concluse nella tarda sera di ieri e alle prime luci del giorno sono riprese le operazioni in mare: proseguono le ricerche dei 6 dispersi da parte dei #sommozzatori speleo dei #vigilidelfuoco [ #21agosto 9:30] pic.twitter.com/mJhEJQQF2d — Vigili del Fuoco (@vigilidelfuoco) August 21, 2024

Mike Lynch and daughter among missing after yacht sinks: What we know about disaster - and 'alarming' potential cause

The British-flagged luxury vessel named Bayesian was carrying 22 people when it got into difficulty off the coast of Sicily. Six people have now been confirmed dead, with one still missing.

News reporter @samuelosborne93

Thursday 22 August 2024 19:32, UK

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Six bodies have been found after a superyacht sank off the coast of Sicily.

Twenty-two people were on board the vessel named Bayesian when it got into difficulty in the early hours of Monday, with 15 people rescued.

Here's what we know about the sinking of the luxury vessel so far.

Follow latest updates on the superyacht sinking

What might have caused the sinking?

The British-flagged luxury vessel, named Bayesian, capsized at around 4.30am local time on Monday morning off Palermo, according to ship-tracking site Marine Traffic.

It sank in as little as 60 seconds with 22 people on board, 12 passengers and a crew of 10, according to the Italian coastguard.

Waterspouts, essentially tornados that form over water, were seen as powerful winds battered the area overnight, local media said.

The yacht may have sunk faster with all the doors open due to the hot weather, Sailing Today magazine editor Sam Jefferson has said.

"I imagine all the doors were open because it was hot, so there were enough hatches and doors open that it filled with water very quickly and sank like that," he said.

Official pictures show air conditioning units in several of the rooms, however, which could counter the suggestion open windows caused the vessel to sink faster.

The huge mast is also likely to have played a role, he added.

What are waterspouts?

Waterspouts typically occur during thunderstorms and can develop very rapidly, within minutes.

Their spin generally reaches wind speeds between 75-200mph, but can reach as high as 300mph.

They can travel at about 10-20mph typically but can reach greater speeds, making them difficult to avoid - especially in something as slow-moving as a yacht.

Matthew Schanck, chair of the Maritime Search and Rescue Council, called the reports of a tornado or waterspout "rare" and "quite alarming".

"The vessel was at anchor in a recognised anchorage," Mr Schanck said.

"Depending on wind direction and the state of the sea, this informs the captain whether it is a safe area to anchor or not. There was nothing that was too concerning, for my eye. All in all, the captain used the information they had to make a safe call."

Who owns the yacht?

The yacht belonged to the family of British tech tycoon Mike Lynch. He was confirmed to have died after rescuers found his body on Thursday. Mr Lynch was on holiday with his 18-year-old daughter Hannah, who is still missing, and his wife Angela Bacares, who was rescued.

Mr Lynch, 59, was known as the " British Bill Gates " and has been in the headlines in recent months over a high-profile fraud case.

In June, a US jury cleared him of all charges, which were related to the 2011 sale of his software company Autonomy to Hewlett-Packard (HP). The yacht trip is believed to have been a celebration of the end of Mr Lynch's legal troubles.

HP accused him of deliberately overstating the value of the company before it was acquired by the American tech giant.

Mr Lynch was extradited to the US to face trial in May last year and spent 13 months under house arrest in San Francisco as he awaited trial on 17 charges of conspiracy and wire fraud brought by the US Department of Justice - which were later reduced to 15 charges. He always denied any wrongdoing and was acquitted.

Read more: Lynch's co-defendant dies days before yacht sinking

Who was on board when the boat sank?

The passengers were largely British and American, with crew members were from New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada.

Charlotte Golunski was among the Britons rescued. Her LinkedIn profile says she is a partner at Mr Lynch's firm Invoke Capital and has worked there since 2012.

Speaking after the ordeal, Ms Golunski told Italian media that she lost her daughter Sofia for "two seconds" amid the "fury" of the sea but was able to retrieve her. She said she held the infant above the waves until the lifeboat was ready.

"Many people screamed. Luckily the lifeboat inflated and 11 of us were able to get on board," she told ANSA.

The girl's father James Emsley also survived, according to Sicily's civil protection agency.

Also on board were Jonathan Bloomer, chairman of investment bank Morgan Stanley, his wife Judy Bloomer, a top US lawyer Chris Morvillo, who worked on Mr Lynch's criminal case, and his wife Neda Morvillo. Divers confirmed they all died in the disaster on Thursday.

The yacht's captain James Calfield survived, along with South African crew members Leah Randall and Katja Chicken.

Recaldo Thomas, a Canadian-Antiguan chef who was working on the boat, was the first to be found dead, the Italian Coastguard confirmed to Sky News.

During rescue efforts, divers saw "corpses through the portholes" of the wreck as they recovered the body of a man at a depth of 50m (164ft), according to Salvo Cocina, the head of the Civil Protection of Sicily.

What do we know about the vessel?

The Bayesian is owned by a company controlled by Mr Lynch's wife.

It was known for its unusual 72.3m (246ft) single mast - one of the world's tallest made of aluminium - and shared its name with the statistical method Mr Lynch's Autonomy software was based on.

It was built by Italian company Perini Navi in 2008 and last refitted in 2020.

It was listed for rent for up to €195,000 (£166,000) a week, according to online charter sites.

The luxury vessel , which was managed by yachting company Camper & Nicholsons, could accommodate up to 12 guests in six suites.

It won a string of awards for its design, according to online specialist yacht sites.

Mr Schanck said the vessel would have been equipped with "high standard" life-saving appliances and radio communications. He added the yacht would have met all international standards and UK maritime coastguard agency regulations before its voyage.

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The boat left the Sicilian port of Milazzo on 14 August and was last tracked east of Palermo on Sunday evening, with a navigation status of "at anchor", according to vessel tracking site VesselFinder.

The Bayesian previously travelled to other parts of Sicily before its last sighting off the coast of the port of Porticello.

On Sunday, the boat was seen off the coast of Cefalu before it travelled towards Porticello, MarineTraffic data shows.

In the days before, the yacht travelled around four of the Aeolian islands, just north of Sicily.

It was previously named Salute, or "health" in Italian, when it flew under a Dutch flag. Its minimalist interior featured light wood with Japanese accents designed by the French designer Remi Tessier, according to descriptions on charter sites.

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Prosecutors in the nearby town of Termini Imerese have opened an investigation into the sinking.

Related Topics

• Superyacht sinking

Foundation and name

17th to 19th centuries, 20th century, 21st century, administrative and municipal status, city divisions, demographics, construction, clusters of voronezh, urban layout, transportation, education and culture, notable people, sister cities, further reading and cultural references, external links.

The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don ) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42   km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan . [14] [15] [16] [17]

For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg . This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronizh in Ukraine [18] ). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. [19] [20] However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.

The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi , Varna , Verona , Brno , etc. [21]

A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn ) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh ). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus. [17] [22]

In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of Voroneț Monastery known for its blue shade.

Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven ( ворон ) and hedgehog ( еж ) into Воронеж . According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.

In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde ), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor   I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars . The city was named after the river. [2]

In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. [23] Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line , Goto Predestinatsia . The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh , was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.

Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate , which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate .

In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region . Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet , and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.

World War II

During World War II , Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad , and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha ) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October   22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November   7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution . Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev , and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front . By July   6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July   24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue .

Until January   25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn , the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive , and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January   25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat . During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.

By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School , a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war. [24]

In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86 , was built there.

In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", [25] and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing". [26] [27]

From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development. [28]

On December   17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people. [29]

Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region . As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's The Nutcracker . In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination. [30] [31]

In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion , forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself. [32] [33] [34]

Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast . [1] Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. [7]

The city is divided into six administrative districts :

• Zheleznodorozhny (183,17   km²)
• Tsentralny (63,96   km²)
• Kominternovsky (47,41   km²)
• Leninsky (18,53   km²)
• Sovetsky (156,6   km²)
• Levoberezhny (123,89   km²)

At the time of the official 2021 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (960,357) was: [35]

The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering , metalworking , the electronics industry and the food industry .

In the city are such companies as:

• Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (where, amongst other types, the Tupolev Tu-144 was built)

• Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
• Sozvezdie [36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
• Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories ),
• Voronezh Mechanical Plant [37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
• Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH [38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
• VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering [39] (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
• KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:. [40]
• Pirelli Voronezh. [41]

On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.

In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered. [42]

In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies. [43]

Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement ( ostrog ). [44] In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. [45] The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower. [46]

Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. [47]

The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport , which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport , a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO ( Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo , Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers . [ citation needed ]

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. [50] Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways . Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.

There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow , Belgorod , Lipetsk , Volgograd , Rostov-on-Don , and Astrakhan .

The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:

• Voronezh State University
• Voronezh State Technical University
• Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
• Voronezh State Pedagogical University
• Voronezh State Agricultural University
• Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
• Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
• Voronezh State Academy of Arts
• Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
• Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
• Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
• Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
• Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
• Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
• Russian State University of Justice [51]
• Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
• International Institute of Computer Technologies
• Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law

and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.

• Voronezh Chamber Theatre [52]
• Koltsov Academic Drama Theater [53]
• Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre [54]
• Shut Puppet Theater [55]

Platonov International Arts Festival [56]

Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh. [ citation needed ] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street. [57] [58]

In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was glorified as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church .

In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.

There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:

• Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
• Lesnoye Cemetery
• Jewish Cemetery
• Nikolskoye Cemetery
• Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
• Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
• Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
• Podgorenskоye Cemetery
• Kominternovskoe Cemetery

Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.

Source: [59]

• Voronezh radar

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• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Law #87-OZ
• ↑ Воронеж может оказаться намного старше (in Russian). Вести. August 19, 2010. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014 . Retrieved March 28, 2012 .
• ↑ "История" . Voronezh-city.ru . Archived from the original on August 1, 2011 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований" . Gks.ru . Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .
• 1 2 3 Law #66-OZ
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ "Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес" . E-adres.ru . Archived from the original on August 30, 2009 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Телефонный код города Воронеж" . Kody.su . Archived from the original on November 22, 2015 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "День города Воронеж 2015" . Mir36.ru . Archived from the original on July 8, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ В. П. Загоровский. "Воронежская историческая энциклопедия". Воронеж, 1992. Стр. 53.
• ↑ А. З. Винников, А. Т. Синюк. "Дорогами тысячелетий: Археологи о древней истории Воронежского края". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 2003. Стр. 185–187, 236–242.
• ↑ Н. А. Тропин. "Южные территории Чернигово-Рязанского порубежья в XII–XV вв." Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук. Москва, 2007.
• 1 2 П. А. Попов. "Воронеж: древнее слово и древние города, а также древние леса и древние реки России". Воронеж, 2016.
• ↑ Woroneż (Wronasz) is shown on the Woroneż river by Stefan Kuczyński (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, «Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy» .
• ↑ В. П. Загоровский. "О древнем Воронеже и слове «Воронеж»". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 1977.
• ↑ Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.
• ↑ А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" ( The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh ). Воронеж, 2009.
• ↑ П. А. Попов. "Комплексный подход в топонимических исследованиях в связи с историей русского градостроительства (на примере Центрального Черноземья)". Девятые всероссийские краеведческие чтения (Москва – Воронеж, 15–19 мая 2015 г.). Москва; Воронеж, 2016. Стр. 423–434.
• ↑ Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu , 1645.
• ↑ Alex Levin, Under The Yellow & Red Stars Archived August 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ( Azrieli Foundation , 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".
• ↑ Dahlberg, John-Thor (October 11, 1989). "Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story" . Associated Press .
• ↑ "UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles" . United Press International . October 10, 1989.
• ↑ Fein, Esther B.; Times, Special To The New York (October 11, 1989). "U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist" . The New York Times . p.   6. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017 . Retrieved February 20, 2017 .
• ↑ Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). Проверено 24 января 2011
• ↑ "В Воронеже родился миллионный житель" . РБК . Archived from the original on March 5, 2013 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ ПОДЪЯБЛОНСКАЯ, Татьяна (October 5, 2020). "Дворец, лабиринт и сани: главную площадь Воронежа в Новый год украсят в стиле "Снежной королевы" " . vrn.kp.ru . Archived from the original on December 30, 2020 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 .
• ↑ "Воронежцам показали, как оформят к Новому году площадь Ленина — В Воронеже — Культура ВРН" . culturavrn.ru . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 .
• ↑ Ives, Mike (June 24, 2023). "What's happening in Russia? Here's what we know" . The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Archived from the original on June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Russia accuses Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin of urging "armed rebellion": Live updates" . CNN . June 24, 2023. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Breaking: Wagners took city of Voronezh, convoy of tanks on highway to Moscow" . Ukraine Today . June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" . Rosstat . Retrieved August 6, 2023 .
• ↑ "Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие" " . Vsm-sorter.com . Archived from the original on July 22, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" . Vmzvrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company" . Mmhc-rudgormash.com . Archived from the original on August 1, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "НИИПМ→О компании→Институт сегодня" . Vniipm.ru . Archived from the original on August 9, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ " "Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная" . Kbkha.ru . Archived from the original on July 8, 2014 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh" . Pirelli.com . Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Официальный портал органов власти" . Govvrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 2, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Главная - ЦКР" . Cluster36.ru . Archived from the original on July 12, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Хронология Воронежа, год 1615" (in Russian) . Retrieved October 25, 2023 .
• ↑ "ПОВСЕДНЕВНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ ВОРОНЕЖА В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XVII ВЕКА" (in Russian). May 16, 2016 . Retrieved October 22, 2023 .
• ↑ Urban planning of the Moscow state in the 16th - 17th centuries. pp.82-85
• ↑ "Voronezh, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)" . Weatherbase . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved November 13, 2018 .
• ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on December 22, 2015 . Retrieved November 8, 2021 .
• ↑ "Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Archived from the original on October 29, 2021 . Retrieved October 29, 2021 .
• ↑ "Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД" . Nnov-airport.ru . Archived from the original on June 30, 2017 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "О филиале" . Cb.rgup.ru . Archived from the original on July 2, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский камерный театр" . Chambervrn.ru . Archived from the original on August 21, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова" . Voronezhdrama.ru . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт" . Theatre-vrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 24, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ ".:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:" . Puppet-shut.ru . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Фестиваль" . Platonovfest.com . Archived from the original on July 3, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России" . Rg.ru . October 20, 2014. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "The Jewish Community of Voronezh" . evrei-vrn.ru . Archived from the original on August 19, 2016 . Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
• ↑ Рациональная маршрутная сеть. "Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа" . Voronezh-city.ru. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 .
• ↑ "Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios" . Larazon.es. Archived from the original on December 21, 2009 . Retrieved September 16, 2011 .
• Воронежская областная Дума.   Закон   №87-ОЗ   от   27 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №41-ОЗ от   13 апреля 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Закон Воронежской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения"». Вступил в силу   по истечении 10   дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Молодой коммунар", №123, 3 ноября 2006 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma.   Law   # 87-OZ   of   October   27, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It , as amended by the Law   # 41-OZ of   April   13, 2015 On Amending the Law of Voronezh Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It" . Effective as of   after 10   days from the day of the official publication.).
• Воронежская областная Дума.   Закон   №66-ОЗ   от   31 октября 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Воронеж статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу   по истечении 10   дней со дня официального опубликования (18 ноября 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Коммуна", №171, 8 ноября 2005 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma.   Law   # 66-OZ   of   October   31, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Voronezh . Effective as of   the day which is 10   days after the official publication date (November   18, 2005).).
• Charlotte Hobson's book, Black Earth City , is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
• Nadezhda Mandelstam 's Hope Against Hope , the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet Osip Mandelstam , provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under Stalinist rule.
• Alan Sillitoe , the English writer, published a collection of poems entitled Love in the Environs of Voronezh and Other Poems in 1968.
• In the song Red Army Blues by the Waterboys , on the album A Pagan Place , there is a line "Took the train to Voronezh, that was as far as it would go."
• Official website of Voronezh
• Official website of Voronezh (in Russian)
• Unofficial website of Voronezh (in Russian)
• Panoramic views of Voronezh

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