a 12 meter powerboat anchored at night

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What must a boat anchored at night display?

When boating at night, it is crucial to have all necessary safety measures in place. It includes ensuring other boaters can spot your vessel from a distance. An anchored boat presents a significant hazard to other boaters who may not see it in the dark, which is why it is essential to display specific signals to alert others that your vessel is anchored and, therefore, at rest.

According to the Federal Boating Regulations, a boat that is anchored at night must display the appropriate lights. These lightings must be visible in all directions and must not interfere with other vessels’ navigation lights. Every anchor light must consist of a white light that has a minimum visibility of two nautical miles.

When displaying the anchor light, some important rules must be observed. The light should be installed at the highest point of the boat so that it’s visible to others from afar. It should have an unobstructed view in all directions, meaning it shouldn’t be blocked by anything like the boat’s rigging, mast or nets. Additionally, the light should be placed in such a way that it doesn’t create any shadow or otherwise interfere with the steady navigation lights of other boats.

Finally, the anchor light should keep burning throughout the night while the boat is anchored. If it fails to do so, or if there is any other problem with the anchor light, it must be dealt with immediately. If a boater discovers that their anchor light isn’t working, they should refrain from boating at night until it is fixed.

Every boater must comply with the safety regulations when boating at night. Anchored boats must display the appropriate lights which should be installed correctly and kept lit throughout the night. By observing these regulations, every boater can be sure that they are doing their part to keep themselves and others safe while enjoying their boating activity.

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What Lights Are Required On A Boat At Night?

Feb 1, 2022

By Stephen Plash

Now that 2022 is here, the boating season is fast approaching. This means that it’s time to start preparing your boat and ensuring you have all the necessary gear and that all boat light requirements are met. The requirements depend on the size of the vessel, and PlashLights offers marine lighting of all kinds, including:

• Accent & Deck Lights
• Marine Light Bars
• Spreader & Flood Lights
• Underwater/Transom Lights
• Handheld LED Spotlights

We want to help you make sure your vessel is ready to go for your next boat day! 

Boat Light Requirements

One of the foremost boat light requirements is navigation lighting. The type of light requirements changes for each vessel because the bigger the boat, the more powerful and visible the lights need to be. 

Powerboats and Sailboats When Under Power

One of the basic rules of navigation lights is that sidelights, a masthead light, and a stern light are required. 

• Powerboats less than 12m (39.4’) can substitute a single all-around light for separate masthead lights and a stern light.
• Powerboats and sailboats under power that are less than 20m (65.7’) can substitute a single bi-color light for the sidelights.

Note that Sailboats operating under engine power are considered power-driven and must follow the “Under Power” rules. 

Sailboats When Under Sail

Sidelights and stern light are the basics required. There are variations to this rule that are also allowed. 

• Sailboats less than 20m (65.7’) can substitute a tricolor light for separate sidelights and stern light. A bi-color light with a stern light may also be substituted. 
• Sailboats less than 7m (23’) can exhibit lights like explained above. An alternative that is also accepted is to have a ready-at-hand electric torch or lighted lantern (flashlight) that shows white lights in enough time to prevent a collision.
• Sailboats, during the day, that are under power with sails hoisted are required to show a motoring cone with its apex pointed down. 

Oar-Driven and Paddled Vessels (Rowboats, Kayaks, Canoes)

• Vessels that are rowed or paddled may exhibit the lights for a sailboat. Keep a ready-at-hand electric torch or flashlight that shows white light in enough time to prevent a collision. 

Vessels at Anchor

• When a vessel is anchored at night outside a designated anchorage, an all-around light visible from at least 2m is required.
• During the day, an anchored vessel must display a black anchor ball. 

Minimum Visibility Range

• Boats less than 12m (39.4’), sidelights are required to be visible for at least 1nm. The rest of the lights must be visible from at least 2nm. 
• Vessels less than 20m (65.7’), a masthead light must be visible for 3nm. All other lights must be visible from 2nm. 
• Boats over 20m (65.7’) but less than 50m (164’) should display a masthead light visible for 5nm. The rest of the lights should be visible for 2nm.

Note that a copy of the Navigation Rules and Regulations must be kept on board at all times for boats greater than 20m (65.7’). 

Shop With Us

While regulations require boaters to have the standard U.S. Coast Guard-approved lights, our PlashLights team offers additional marine lighting of all kinds. Our LED lighting systems are not only top quality and come with a lifetime warranty, but they also keep you safe and visible to other boaters while you navigate darker waterways. Much like high beams while driving, we recommend turning off any light bar or spotlight when you see other boats so you do not blind or obstruct other boaters. 

Each of our marine lights is meant to add to the safety of your boating experience, especially at night. With the legally required lights, plus even one of our LED light bars , you’ll be one of the brightest and safest boats on the water. 

Contact PlashLights today for more information on all our marine lighting or our marine LED light bars!

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What Lights Are Required on a Boat at Night? A Guide to Navigation Lights

Boating at night can be a thrilling experience, but it can also be dangerous if proper precautions are not taken. One of the most important safety measures boaters need to be aware of is the use of navigation lights. Navigation lights are required on all boats when operating between sunset and sunrise, or in conditions of reduced visibility.

Table of Contents

Understanding Boat Navigation Lights

Boat navigation lights are an essential part of boating safety, especially when sailing at night or in low visibility conditions. These lights serve as a communication tool between boats, indicating their position, direction, and status.

To understand boat navigation lights, it’s important to know the different types of lights and their meanings. The following table summarizes the different types of lights and their characteristics:

The masthead light is a white light that is placed centerline on the boat, showing an arc of 225 degrees with 112.5 degrees on either side of the front of the vessel. This light indicates the presence of a boat and its direction of travel.

Sidelights are a pair of lights, with one red light on the port side and one green light on the starboard side. These lights must show an arc of 112.5 degrees from the centerline of the bow. The sidelights indicate the direction of travel of the boat and help other boats determine the boat’s orientation.

The stern light is a white light that is placed at the aft end of the boat, showing an arc of 135 degrees. This light indicates the presence of a boat and its direction of travel.

Boats under 12 meters in length may combine the sidelights and stern light into one fixture, while boats under 7 meters may use a handheld light instead of the required lights.

It’s important to note that navigation lights must be visible at a sufficient distance to prevent collisions. The exact visibility requirements depend on the size and type of the boat.

Types of Navigation Lights

When operating a boat at night, it is essential to have the right navigation lights to ensure safety and avoid collisions. Navigation lights are classified into four types: stern lights, bow lights, masthead lights, and all-round lights.

Stern Lights

Stern lights are white lights located at the back of the boat. They are essential for indicating the position of a vessel to other boats approaching from behind. The stern light should be visible from at least two miles away and should be placed at a height that ensures it is visible from all directions.

Bow lights are red and green lights located at the front of the boat. The red light should be on the port (left) side of the boat, while the green light should be on the starboard (right) side. These lights help other boats determine the direction of the vessel and prevent collisions.

Masthead Lights

Masthead lights are white lights located at the top of the mast. They are visible from all directions and help other vessels determine the size and type of the boat. Masthead lights should be visible from at least two miles away and should be placed at least 1 meter above the sidelights.

All-Round Lights

All-round lights are white lights that can be seen from all directions. They are used to indicate the position of a vessel when it is not under command or when it is anchored. All-round lights can be mounted on a mast or on the top of the cabin.

Legal Requirements for Boat Lights

Boat lights are required by law to ensure the safety of all watercraft and passengers. The legal requirements for boat lights are set by the Collision Regulations, which specify the types, colors, and locations of lights that must be displayed on boats of different sizes and types.

For example, power-driven boats under 39.4 inches in length must display navigation lights from sunset to sunrise. These lights must include side lights, a masthead light, and a stern light. Sailboats operating under engine power are also considered power-driven and must follow the same rules.

Boats over 39.4 inches in length must display additional lights, such as a towing light or an all-around white light. The exact requirements vary depending on the size and type of boat, as well as the operating conditions.

The table below summarizes the legal requirements for navigation lights on boats in the United States:

It is important to note that these are minimum requirements, and boaters are encouraged to go above and beyond to ensure their safety and the safety of others on the water. This might include using additional lights or reflectors, or taking other precautions such as reducing speed or avoiding crowded areas.

In addition to the legal requirements for boat lights, boaters should also be aware of the rules of the road for navigating on the water. This includes understanding the right of way, signaling intentions, and communicating with other boats using lights, horns, or other means. By following these rules and regulations, boaters can help ensure a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

How to Use Navigation Lights Properly

Navigation lights are an essential tool for keeping boaters safe at night or in times of reduced visibility. Proper use of these lights is crucial to prevent collisions and ensure safe passage. Here are some tips on how to use navigation lights properly:

• Always make sure that your navigation lights are in good working condition and turned on when required.
• Know the required lights for your vessel size and type, as well as the rules for displaying them. Refer to the relevant regulations for your area.
• Display the correct lights for your vessel’s activity. For example, if you are anchored, you should display an anchor light.
• Make sure that your lights are visible to other vessels. Keep them unobstructed and at the proper height and angle.
• Use your navigation lights in combination with other safety measures, such as radar and AIS, to increase your visibility and awareness of other vessels.
• Avoid shining bright lights, such as spotlights, in the direction of other vessels as it can impair their vision and cause confusion.
• Take extra care when navigating in areas with heavy traffic or poor visibility. Slow down and keep a lookout for other vessels.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

When it comes to navigation lights on a boat, there are a few common mistakes that boaters make. Here are some tips on how to avoid them:

1. Failing to Turn on Navigation Lights

One of the most common mistakes boaters make is failing to turn on their navigation lights. Navigation lights are required from sunset to sunrise and during periods of reduced visibility. It is important to turn them on as soon as visibility becomes poor or when the sun sets.

2. Using Incorrect Navigation Lights

Another mistake that boaters make is using incorrect navigation lights. Each boat has specific requirements for navigation lights based on its size and type. It is important to know the legal requirements for your boat and to ensure that you have the correct lights installed.

3. Improper Placement of Navigation Lights

Navigation lights should be placed in the correct location on the boat. For example, the masthead light should be placed centerline on the boat showing an arc of 225 degrees with 112.5 degrees either side of the front of the vessel. Sidelights should be placed on the port and starboard sides of the boat and must show an arc of 112.5 degrees from centerline of the bow.

4. Not Checking Navigation Lights Regularly

Navigation lights should be checked regularly to ensure that they are working properly. It is important to check them before every trip to make sure that they are functioning correctly. If a light is not working, it should be replaced immediately.

5. Not Having Backup Navigation Lights

Finally, it is important to have backup navigation lights on board in case the primary lights fail or become damaged. Flashlights can be used as backup lights in case the navigation lights burn out or become damaged.

By avoiding these common mistakes, boaters can ensure that their navigation lights are functioning properly and that they are following the legal requirements for their boat.

Maintaining Your Boat’s Navigation Lights

Proper maintenance of a boat’s navigation lights is crucial for ensuring the safety of the vessel and its passengers. Here are a few tips to help keep your navigation lights in good working condition:

• Regularly inspect the lights for any damage or wear and tear. Replace any broken or damaged lights immediately.
• Check the wiring and connections regularly to ensure they are secure and free of corrosion. Corroded connections can cause the lights to malfunction or fail altogether.
• Clean the lenses of the lights regularly to ensure maximum visibility. Dirt or grime on the lenses can obscure the light and reduce its effectiveness.
• Test the lights before each trip to ensure they are working properly. This includes checking the brightness, color, and direction of the light.
• Replace the bulbs as needed. It is recommended to carry spare bulbs on board in case of a bulb failure.

In conclusion, navigation lights are an essential safety feature for any boat that operates at night or in reduced visibility conditions. They help to ensure that other boats can see and avoid collisions with your vessel.

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Navigation Lights

• You are required to display the appropriate lights at night or during times of reduced visibility.

Navigation lights are used to prevent collisions at night or in times of reduced visibility, and are an essential tool in keeping you and your vessel safe. Nav lights allow you to see other nearby vessels, and allow other vessels to see you.

Nav lights also provide information about the size, activity, and direction of travel. By understanding the characteristics of Nav lights, you can determine an appropriate course of action as you approach another vessel.

On any vessel, navigation lights have a specific color, (white, red, green, yellow, blue), arc of illumination, range of visibility, and location, as required by law and regulations. For the purposes of this course, we will concentrate on pleasure boats under 65 feet in length. Knowledge of navigation lights is important to a small-boat skipper for separate, but important, reasons.

• You are legally responsible for displaying lights of the proper color, intensity, location and visibility on your boat.
• Knowing the type and heading of another boat.

Legal Requirements

Vessels are required to show the proper navigation lights from sunset to sunrise in all weather conditions, good and bad. During these times, no other lights that could be mistaken for lights specified in the Rules of the Road can be displayed, nor any lights that impair the visibility or distinctive character of navigation lights, or interfere with the keeping of a proper lookout. The Rules also state that navigation lights must be shown in conditions of reduced visibility, and may be shown at other times considered necessary.

It's Your Responsibility

It is the responsibility of the owner/operator of a vessel that she show the proper navigation lights for her size and the waters in which she is operating. It is not the responsibility of the manufacturer, importer, or selling dealer. Many boats are delivered with lights that do not meet legal requirements with respect to technical characteristics or placement on the vessel. Remember also, that the angles of visibility must be met when the boat is underway-if your boat rides at a significant bow-up angle, take that into consideration when installing and/or checking your lights.

Navigation Lights for Powerboats

Power driven vessels underway shall exhibit a masthead light forward, sidelights and a stern light. Vessels less than 12 meters in length may exhibit an all around white light and side lights. Power driven boats on the Great Lakes may carry an all around white light in stead of a second masthead light and stern light combination.

Sidelights - Colored lights - red on port and green on starboard - showing an unbroken arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees, from dead ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on each side.

Combination lights - Sidelights may be combined in a single fixture carried at the centerline of the vessel.

Stern light - A white light showing over an unbroken arc of the horizon of 135 degrees, centered on dead astern.

Navigation Lights for Sailing

A sailing vessel of less than 7 meters in length shall, if practicable, exhibit regular navigation lights, but if not practical, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

Diving Lights

Another light display that you may see in resort areas, or waters that have wrecks or reefs, is the night diving configuration. This has three vertical masthead lights, that have a red-white-red sequence. You must maintain a good distance from these vessels, and you should also be aware that there may be divers near you.

Interpreting what you see

It's great that you're learning the basics of lights - what is required and when they're required. But, this in only the beginning. You must also learn how to interpret the navigation lights that you see when you are underway at night- and for your safety-learn it well.

For instance, if you see a vessel approaching that shows a light pattern such as the ones to the right, you immediately know that you are in a crossing situation, and that you must yield to the other vessel - that's why it is red.

Seeing a green light over a white light indicates a fishing vessel actively trawling. You not only need to avoid the vessel, but you also need to remember that it could potentially have a very large net deployed that you will also need to avoid.

And there are numerous other lights and combinations of lights that you must be able to instantly recognize - the lights for a sailboat that is privileged over a motorboat, the special lights of various fishing vessels, a dredge or a vessel not under command. Study the requirements for navigation from the viewpoint of a "looker" as well as a boat owner.

How to Safely Use Your Boat Navigation Lights

Think of boat navigation lights like the eyes of your boat. They help other boats see you, and they help you see other boats. And just like car headlights, they're crucial for safety on the water – especially when it's dark. In this post, we will discuss how to use your boat navigation lights safely, why they're important, and some fundamental rules and safety tips to follow when boating at night – or during times of limited visibility.

The Importance of Using Navigation Lights for Boats

First, we must emphasize that each boat navigation light has a specific purpose and is not just for show! These illuminations are meant to help prevent collisions with other vessels when it's dark – or when the weather makes it hard to see much of anything. Each is located in a strategic position and has a specific purpose:

• Boat navigation lights help prevent accidents with others on the water by alerting others of your location – and vice versa.
• They communicate your boat's direction, size, and intentions.

Choosing the Right Boat Navigation Light

You might think there's just one kind of boat navigation light, but there are actually a few! And they should all be visible from at least two nautical miles away.

• Sidelights (bow lights): Let others know what part of the boat they're looking at and where it's heading. ○ Red sidelight: visible from the port (left) side. ○ Green sidelight: visible from the starboard (right) side.
• Stern lights: Inform other boats of your position from behind.
• All-round white light (anchor light): Visible from all directions.

When boating at night or when it's hard to see, each light has a specific purpose to guide you. Our advice? Memorize what each of these means! If you know what each color represents, when you see other boats from afar, you'll know what direction they're going in by the light that is visible to you. For instance, seeing red and green lights on an approaching vessel indicates it's heading straight toward you.

Basic Boat Navigation Lights Rules

Because different boats have different needs, it's important to know the specific navigation light requirements based on your ship's size, type, and location. (A power boat and sailboat have different requirements for obvious reasons.) Plus, different bodies of water may have unique regulations – so always research the applicable nautical rules for your area. Here are the fundamental guidelines to follow:

• Test your navigation lights before departing. (Without lane markers and stop signs on the water, these lights allow boats to communicate with each other.)
• Turn on navigation lights from sunset to sunrise.
• Use lights when there is poor visibility (fog, rain).
• Know specific rules based on boat size, type, and location.
• Regularly inspect and maintain lights.
• Keep spare bulbs on board.

Safety Tips: Navigation Lights for Boats

The U.S. Coast Guard has put these boat navigation lights rules in place for a good reason: safety. In fact, understanding these rules is a legal requirement for operating a boat. What kind of boat navigation lights you need depends on several factors, including:

• Your boat's size
• Your boat's type
• Where you'll be boating

Additionally, the rules can change between inland and offshore waters, but these tips are solid no matter where you're boating:

• Invest in high-quality, Coast Guard-approved navigation lights for boats to prevent legal troubles and avoid collisions.
• Turn off headlights, spotlights, and any other lights that could interfere with navigation lights while underway.
• Conduct regulation inspections of your lights and keep spare lights aboard. (A quick pre-departure check can make a big difference.)

Just as you wouldn't use cheap parts in your car, don't cut corners on your boat's lighting. Reliable lights are worth the initial investment as they can help prevent accidents! If you need clarification on the specific lighting rules for your boat, the owner's manual is a great place to start. It's full of detailed information you may have forgotten after owning a vessel for a while.

Stay Safe: Know The Importance of a Boat Navigation Light

Boating is a blast – and we want to keep it that way! Knowing your boat navigation lights isn't just a rule – they're critical tools for a safe outing. And by understanding how to use them, you're protecting yourself and everyone else on the water. If you want to learn more about boating safety and discover additional tips for a fun and worry-free experience on the water, explore our other articles . Stay safe and boat wisely!

This article and video are sponsored by  Progressive Insurance®

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Boat Navigation Light Rules Explained (For Beginners)

Boat navigation light rules can be a little difficult for newcomers to understand.  This is probably because these light rules can change depending on a wide variety of factors.

Failing to comply with these rules can leave you open to enforcement violations as well as lawsuits. 

Also, knowing these rules will help keep you and other boaters safe while out on the water, so you must learn and remember them.

Here’s everything you should know about the boat navigation light rules.

Table of Contents

Why Have Boat Navigation Light Rules At All

Boat navigation light rules help boaters communicate with each other.  They also help to determine who has the right of way.  This is important as it determines what actions boats will take as they pass one another.

Without these guidelines, there would be many more accidents out on the water as people wouldn’t know how to interact.

Remember, when you’re out on the open water, there aren’t any designated lanes to follow, and without rules, boaters can easily become confused about which way they should turn or whether or not they should even turn at all.

On top of this, these rules help establish methods for boaters to tell each other when they’re anchored or when they’re in distress.  Use your lights correctly when you need help, and you’re much more likely to get it.

When do I Need to Follow Boat Navigation Light Rules?

Light rules apply any time between sunset and sunrise.  They also apply any time visibility is low.

An example of this could be during foggy or rainy weather.

A more unusual example of this could be during a solar eclipse.  Basically, if you feel that having the lights on will help others see you better, it’s a good idea to turn them on.

The Different Light Rules by Boat and Size

Different types of boats will have different light rules that they need to follow.  These sets of rules are broken down based on whether the boat is a sailboat or a powered boat.

Once this is established, the rules are then broken down by size.

The different sizes to consider are boats shorter than 39.4 feet, boats sized between 39.4 and 65.6 feet, and boats greater than 65.6 feet.

If you’re wondering why the numbers are so precise, it’s because this is the conversion from meters.  39.4 feet equals 12 meters, and 65.6 feet equals 20 meters.

Generally, all boats will have a red light on their port side and a green light on their starboard side.  To put it in plain English, if you’re in the driver’s seat, the red light goes on the left, and the green light goes on the right.

A white light should be at the stern of the boat.  The stern is the rear of the boat.

Powered Boat Light Placement

Here are the lights you’ll need when operating a powered boat, depending on the size of the boat you’re operating.

• Boats less than 12 meters or 39.4 feet long:

You’ll need one red light and one green light at the front port and starboard sides of the boat for these boats.  These lights should be positioned so that they can be seen at an angle of 112.5 degrees.  The sidelights should be strong enough to be seen from a mile away.

You’ll also need to mount them towards the bow of the boat.  This is otherwise known as the front of the boat.

Additionally, you’ll need one white light that can be seen from all angles.  It should be strong enough to be seen from two miles away. 

This light will need to be mounted at least 39 inches or 99 centimeters higher than the red and green lights.

• Boats greater than 12 meters or 39.4 feet but less than 20 meters or 65.6 feet:

With boats of this size, you’ll still need your red and green lights, but your white lights will change.

In this case, you’ll mount a red light to your port or left side and a green light to your starboard or right side. These lights will need to be seen from an angle of 112.5 degrees, and they’ll need to be seen from a distance of one mile.

The two white lights will need to be mounted at the stern and masthead of the boat.  Stern lights can also be referred to as the aft light.  Either way, it just means the light at the back of the boat.

This light will need to be seen from a 225-degree angle facing the rear.  It needs to be strong enough to be seen from 2 miles away.

The masthead light is at the forward position of the boat.  This light is mounted on the masthead, and it must cover a 135-degree angle.

The light will need to be visible from 2 miles away.

Masthead lights must be mounted at least 8 feet above the gunnel.  The gunnel is the top edge of the side of the boat.

• Boats larger than 20 meters or 65.6 feet long:

To operate a non-commercial boat over 20 meters or 65.6 meters long, you’ll have to have the same lights in the same positions as the smaller boats.  However, you’ll also need to add matt black inboard screens to your sidelights.

Sail Boats and Other Unpowered Boats

These boats can be broken down into two different size categories.

These two categories are under 23 feet or 7 meters and boats that are over 23 feet or 7 meters.

Unpowered boats such as sailboats, rowboats, and kayaks under 23 feet in length only need to have a white light on them.  This white light can be anything from a flashlight to a lantern.

However, you can still opt to place red and green lights at their appropriate places.

Larger sailboats will need to have a 135 degree white light at the stern and 112.5 degree red and green lights at the port and starboard sides.  The white light should be visible from 2 miles away, while the red and green lights should be visible from 1 mile away.

Alternatively, a tri-color light could be placed on the masthead.

This light will have all three lights built into it, and it should be visible from at least 2 miles away.

Advice For All Boats Regarding Light

Regardless of what boat size you’re on, it is a good idea to have a flashlight with you.

If your boat lights become inoperable, you’ll at least have one light that you can signal with.

Should you find yourself on the water at night in a disabled boat , your flashlight may be the only thing keeping you from being crashed into.

Light Rules For Boats at Anchor

When you’re anchored at a marina or dock, you won’t have to worry about specific boat light rules and regulations.

However, when you’re anchored out on the water, you must follow boat light rules as this will help keep other boaters from running into you.

It will also help establish that you have the right of way so you won’t have to move every time a larger boat comes your way.

Of course, having the right lights doesn’t mean you’ll be able to anchor just anywhere.  You’ll still have to follow any inland rules when it comes to anchoring your boat.

When anchored, you’ll need to display an all-around white light that lets other boaters know your position.  This light should be placed where other boaters can best see it.  For example, a sailboat might put this light at the top of its mast. Also, another all-around white light might be placed near the deck to help identify your anchored boat to nearby boats.

Boats Under Distress

Boats under distress should display what is known as a visual distress signal so that they can get help.  At night, these distress signals will come in flares, parachute flares, and lights.

You should have at least three devices on your boat to use for signaling. 

This could come in a variety of forms, and you can use the same one three times.  For example, your three devices could be having three signaling flares with you.

Only use these lights when you’re in danger.  Failure to do so can result in heavy fines and potential imprisonment.

Determining Who Has The Right of Way

When you come across another boat, and you can only see a white light, then you’ll know that you’re either approaching an anchored vessel or a vessel that is moving in front of you.  In this case, you can overtake them and go around them from either side.

If you come across a green light and a white light, then you have the right of way.  In boating terms, this means that you are the stand-on vessel.

Technically speaking, the other boat should give way, and you won’t have to worry about changing your course. 

However, there is always a chance that the other person will not give way for some reason, and you should be ready to move.  You never know, the other boater may not see you, or they may not know the rules as they should.  Remember, being right won’t mean anything if you end up dead in a boat crash.

If you come across a red and white light, you are the one that needs to give way.  In this case, you’ll want to slow your boat down and pass by them, probably behind their path.

In all of these scenarios I described, you were in a powered vessel, and you were passing a powered boat or a sailboat that was driving while under power.

However, what happens when you encounter a sailboat or other unpowered vessel in a powered vessel?

In this case, you’ll see a red light, a green light, or a white light, but you won’t see all three.  Regardless of what you see, you’ll want to give way.  This is because these boats can’t maneuver as well as you, and they probably won’t be able to get out of your way before you come across them.

At this point, you can see why different boats need different types of lights and why it’s important to use the lights that apply to your particular craft.  Use the wrong lights, and you’ll confuse the other boaters around you.  This could easily lead to an accident that could have easily been avoided.

What About Boaters Who Are Color Blind?

Unfortunately, people who are color blind won’t safely operate a boat at night by themselves.

Also, they won’t be able to get a captain’s license as you need to pass a color blind test to get this license. Here’s an article we wrote about all you need to know about boat license types (with prices) .

If you’d like to do some recreational boating at night, but you can’t differentiate between the colors red and green, you might want to consider bringing a friend along.

This way, your friend can tell you what colors you’re coming up on so that you can safely navigate yourself past other boats.

4 Types of Boat Lights

• The red and green lights that go on the sides of a boat are known as sidelights.
• White lights that only face backward are known as stern lights, and white lights that face forward are known as masthead lights.
• An all-round white light is a white light that faces 360 degrees.  These lights are used on smaller boats and on boats that are at anchor.  They can be replaced by making use of a stern light and a masthead light.
• Another type of light is the tri-color light.  A tri-color light can be used on a sailboat to portray the white, green, and red lights. Bi-color lights are also available for small powered boats and sailboats.  These lights display both red and green light.

The combination of lights that are displayed will always give the boater a 360-degree field of light.

This ensures that other boaters can see them no matter where they are in relation to each other.

Safety Precautions To Be Aware Of

Even new boats can have lights that weren’t configured correctly or lights that don’t work.

It’s important that you check these lights before you head out on the water.

This is true even if you don’t intend on staying out after dark.  After all, it’s always possible that you could become stranded until after dark or that it could become too foggy to operate out on the water without lights.

Other Things You Should Know About Boating At Night

Boat navigational light rules are critical for nighttime boating, but there are other things to consider as well.

One thing to consider when boating at night is the use of a lookout.

Having one of your passengers act as a lookout will make it more likely that you’ll spot problems in advance.

Remember, other boaters aren’t the only potential hazards you can run into at night.  Shallow shipwrecks, low water depths, and unlit piers, docks, and jetties can also become hazards if they aren’t noticed in time for you to avoid them.

High beams should be used for docking purposes only.  This is because using them while on the water can confuse other boaters.

Also, the high beams can shine into other sailor’s eyes and can give them night blindness.

Just think about it this way.

It isn’t safe to drive towards another car with your high beams on, so why would it be safe to drive towards another boat with high beams on?

Driving Speed

Nighttime boating should be done at slower speeds than day time boating.  The primary reason for this is that visibility is more limited at night.

Driving slower will help to give you more time to react to boaters and other hazards.

When you first start boating, you’ll still have to take a moment to think about the lights you see.  Driving at a slower speed will give you this additional time without affecting your safety.

Not All Lights On The Water Are Boats!

I’ll end this post with a funny story I once heard about a boat traveling at night.  This story has changed many times over the years, but the gist of it’s still the same.

It goes like this:

A large vessel was traveling at night when they came across a white light in front of them.  The ship captain immediately got on the radio and contacted the other vessel to demand that they get out of the way.

The other vessel responded by telling the captain to change his course.  To this, the captain responded with, “This is the warship, the USS Enterprise, and I demand you change course, or we’ll be forced to take action!”.

To this, the other vessel responded with, “This is a lighthouse, and you are on course to become shipwrecked.”.

This isn’t a real story, and now that you know proper boat navigation light rules, it is a story that could never happen to you. 

If you came across a white light and thought it was a boat, you’d assume it was unpowered or at anchor, and you’d take steps to go around it.

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May 20, 2022 8 min read

A Powerboat Operating at Night: Which Lights Must Be Shown?

If you are operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to ensure that your vessel is properly equipped with the appropriate lighting. Not only is it required by law, but it also helps to ensure the safety of everyone on board. But which lights are necessary to show?

Navigation lights are essential for any powerboat operating at night. These lights are designed to help other vessels identify your boat's position, direction of travel, and size. They are required by law and must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during periods of reduced visibility.

Visibility and distance are also important factors to consider when operating a powerboat at night. Your boat's lighting system should be bright enough to be seen from a distance, but not so bright that it impairs the vision of other boaters. Additionally, the type and size of your vessel may also impact the lighting requirements.

Key Takeaways

• Navigation lights are required for all powerboats operating at night.
• Proper lighting helps to ensure the safety of everyone on board.
• Consider visibility, distance, and vessel size when selecting lighting options.

Powerboat Lighting Requirements

When operating a powerboat at night, it is important to have the  proper lighting to ensure the safety of everyone on board and other vessels in the area. The following are the mandatory lights that must be shown:

Mandatory Lights

• Masthead Light : This white light must be shown from the front of the boat and must be visible from at least 2 nautical miles away. It should be placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the sidelights.
• Sidelights : A red light must be shown on the port side of the boat, and a green light must be shown on the starboard side. These lights must be visible from at least 1 nautical mile away and placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the waterline.
• Stern Light : This white light must be shown at the back of the boat and must be visible from at least 2 nautical miles away. It should be placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the sidelights.
• All-Round White Light : This light can be used in place of the masthead light and stern light. It must be visible from at least 2 nautical miles away and placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the sidelights.

It is important to note that these lights should be displayed in a way that does not interfere with the vision of the operator or other vessels in the area. Additionally, the color of the lights should not be altered in any way that could confuse other boaters.

In addition to the mandatory lights, it is recommended to have a backup lantern or combination lights in case of an emergency or failure of the primary lighting system. By following these requirements, you can ensure the safety of everyone on board and other vessels in the area while operating a powerboat at night.

Navigation Lights

When operating a powerboat at night, it is important to have the  proper navigation lights on to ensure safe navigation and avoid collisions. The primary navigation lights that must be shown are the sidelights and the sternlight.

The sidelights are located on the port and starboard sides of the boat and emit a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side. These lights help other boaters determine the direction the vessel is traveling and its size.

The sternlight is located on the stern of the boat and emits a white light. This light helps other boaters determine the position and direction of the vessel. It is important to note that the sternlight should not be visible from the front of the boat.

It is also important to ensure that the centerline of the boat is clearly visible to other boaters. This can be achieved by placing a white light on the centerline of the boat.

In addition to the navigation lights, it is recommended to have a spotlight on board to help identify any potential obstacles or hazards in the water.

Overall, when operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to have the proper navigation lights on to ensure the safety of both the vessel and other boaters in the area.

Visibility and Distance

When operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to ensure that you are visible to other boats and vessels. To achieve this, you must display the correct lights. According to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), a power-driven vessel of less than 50 meters in length must show the following lights:

• A white masthead light forward
• A white stern light aft
• A green starboard light on the right side
• A red port light on the left side

These lights must be visible from at least two miles away on a clear night. However, if you are in a narrow channel or fairway, these distances may be reduced to one mile.

It is essential to remember that these lights must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during periods of restricted visibility. Therefore, if it is dark and you are operating your powerboat, you must turn on these lights to ensure that other vessels can see you.

Finally, it is important to note that the horizon can affect how far away your lights are visible. If you are operating your powerboat in an area with a low horizon, your lights may not be visible from as far away as they would in an area with a higher horizon. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of your surroundings and adjust your speed and course accordingly.

Powerboat Versus Sailboat

When it comes to operating a powerboat at night, it is important to understand the differences between powerboats and sailboats. While both types of vessels have their advantages and disadvantages, there are certain factors that must be taken into consideration when operating a powerboat at night.

One of the main differences between powerboats and sailboats is the way they are powered. Powerboats rely on engine power to move through the water, while sailboats use wind power to move their sails. This means that powerboats are generally faster and more maneuverable than sailboats, which can be an advantage when navigating at night.

However, powerboats also have certain limitations when it comes to navigating in low-light conditions. For example, powerboats must display certain lights to indicate their position and direction of travel. These lights include a red light on the port side, a green light on the starboard side, and a white light at the stern. These lights must be visible from a distance of at least two miles away, which can be challenging in some situations.

Sailboats, on the other hand, are not required to display the same lights as powerboats. Instead, they must display a white light at the top of their mast to indicate their position and direction of travel. This light must also be visible from a distance of at least two miles away.

In addition to these differences in lighting requirements, powerboats and sailboats also have different handling characteristics. Powerboats are generally more responsive and easier to maneuver than sailboats, which can be an advantage when navigating in tight spaces or in rough water. However, sailboats are generally more stable and can handle rough seas better than powerboats.

Overall, when operating a powerboat at night, it is important to understand the differences between powerboats and sailboats. By taking these differences into consideration, you can navigate safely and confidently, no matter what type of vessel you are operating.

Size and Type of Vessel

When operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to ensure that you display the correct lights. The type and size of your vessel determine the lighting requirements. The following table outlines the lighting requirements for different types of boats:

It is essential to note that canoes, trawling, and dredging vessels have different lighting requirements. Canoes should display a white light visible from all directions, while trawling and dredging vessels should display the appropriate lights as per their size and type.

In summary, the size and type of your vessel determine the lighting requirements when operating at night. Ensure that you display the correct lights to avoid collisions and ensure the safety of everyone on board.

Boating Rules and Safety

When operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to follow the proper boating rules and safety guidelines to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. One of the most important rules to follow is to display the correct lights on your boat.

According to navigation rules, a power-driven vessel underway must display a white masthead light forward, a white stern light aft, and red and green sidelights. These lights will help other boats determine your position, direction of travel, and whether you are the give-way or stand-on vessel.

In addition to displaying the correct lights, it is also important to be aware of other boats approaching you. If you see a boat approaching head-on, both boats should alter course to starboard to avoid a collision. If you are overtaking another boat, you should keep a safe distance and pass on the port side.

Furthermore, it is important to be aware of boats that are towing. These boats may have restricted maneuverability and require extra space to turn or stop. As the operator of a powerboat, you should give way to these boats and maintain a safe distance.

By following these  boating rules and safety guidelines , you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience while operating a powerboat at night. Remember to always be aware of your surroundings and other boats on the water.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are navigation lights for small boats.

Navigation lights are used to help other boats see you and determine your direction of travel at night. They are required by law and must be displayed on all boats when underway between sunset and sunrise and in periods of reduced visibility.

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

If you are being overtaken by a sailboat, you should maintain your course and speed. The sailboat has the right of way and should pass you on your port side. You should keep your navigation lights on so that the sailboat can see you.

What does a single white light on a boat tell you when boating at night?

A single white light on a boat tells you that the boat is anchored or moored. If you see a white light that is flashing, it may indicate that the boat is in distress.

What are the rules for boat lights at night?

All boats are required to display navigation lights when underway between sunset and sunrise and in periods of reduced visibility. The lights must be visible from a distance of at least 2 miles away.

What are the rules for boat navigation lights?

Navigation lights must be displayed in accordance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS). These regulations specify the type, color, and location of navigation lights for different types of vessels.

What lights must be displayed on a boat at night?

All boats must display a red light on the port side and a green light on the starboard side. They must also display a white light at the stern. In addition, some boats may be required to display additional lights, such as a masthead light or an all-around white light.

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Navigation: Boat Lights at Night

Boating at night is an experience like no other as navigating waters becomes enchantingly beautiful and potentially challenging. Certain essential safety rules need to be followed, and boat lights at night tops that list. These play an invaluable role and are necessary for maintaining visibility, preventing collisions, and complying with legal requirements.

This comprehensive guide explores various facets of boat lighting: from understanding their importance to knowing different types of lights and more; Additionally, we decipher the regulations, discuss correct usage, offer safety tips, and much more. 

Key Takeaways

• Appropriate boat lights are not just necessary for legal reasons but also play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of your boat and those around you during nighttime or low-light conditions.
• Understanding the different types of boat lights (masthead light, stern lights, sidelights, all-around white light) and their placement based on your boat's length is critical.
• Understanding how navigation lights work is essential - red stands for the port side and green for the starboard side. This knowledge will aid in recognizing the direction of other boats based on their lights.
• Various specialized lights serve specific purposes like docking lights for assisting dock arrival, spotlights for identifying landmarks or buoys, etc. Extra caution should be used to ensure these do not disrupt other boaters' vision.
• The law mandates the display of appropriate lights from sunset to sunrise; failure to adhere to this rule can result in heavy penalties.
• The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) specify rules relating to navigation lights. Familiarity with key COLREGs rules ensures safe and lawful operation of vessels.
• Safety precautions like carrying spare fuses and bulbs onboard, dimming electronic devices, installing red lights within the cabin, using reflective tape, slowing down, wearing life jackets, and using onboard electronics go a long way in planning for unexpected eventualities while boating at night.

Understanding the Importance of Boat Lights at Night and in Reduced Visibility

Good navigational lighting isn’t just another feature; it’s a critical safety component for use after sunset or in low-light conditions. Being out in the open water devoid of any light can be disorienting, and navigation lights assist you in identifying your location and your path. 

Lights During Reduced Visibility

Nighttime isn’t the only scenario where the vision becomes poor; even during foggy weather, rain, or heavy cloud cover, you can find yourself in situations of reduced visibility. Under these circumstances, lights can be a beacon. They alert other boaters of your presence, helping you to be seen, even in the murkiest conditions.

Role of Lights in Preventing Collisions

A clear night can quickly turn dangerous without proper lights. Aside from keeping you on the right track, they also play the essential role of signaling to other vessels your location and the direction in which you’re moving. This simple communication can avoid dangerous close encounters and help prevent collisions, a risk that increases with every unlit boat on the water.

Requirement of Displaying the Appropriate Lights for Safety and Legal Reasons

Legally, you are required to display appropriate lights from sunset to sunrise and in periods of low visibility . Failing to do so can result in heavy fines and penalties. Even more than that, displaying the right lights is a universal sign of responsibility and respect for other boaters’ safety. Remember, an illuminated boat is a visible boat, and a visible boat is a safe boat.

Types and Placement of Boat Lights

There are four main types of lights to display: 

• The masthead light, also known as the steaming light, is a white light positioned in the middle of the front part of the boat and higher than the side lights. It shines light from the front to a little bit behind the sides of the craft. When under power, it indicates the direction of travel.
• Sidelights, which display green on the starboard (right) side and red on the port (left) side of the boat, illuminate the areas not covered by the masthead light. These lights are visible to other boaters from the front and side of the vessel.
• The stern light, also white, shines backward, allowing other vessels to see your vessel from behind and gauge its direction and position. It is mounted high enough to be visible over the transom or other equipment but lower than the Masthead Light.
• Often found on smaller craft, the all-around white light(360 degrees) is visible from all directions. It can be used in place of the masthead and stern lights and should be installed at the vessel’s highest point. 

Correct Placement of Lights on Boats of Different Lengths

The placement of the lights depends on the length and type of your boat. Boats less than 12 meters in length may exhibit an all-around light and sidelights. In contrast, larger vessels are required to have separate masthead, stern lights, and sidelights.

Difference Between Sailboat and Powered Boat Light Placements

The placement and visibility of lights vary between sailboats and powered boats.

A motorboat needs a masthead light that can be seen from two miles away, sidelights that are visible for one mile, and a stern light. However, a sailing boat only requires sidelights and a stern light unless it’s being powered by an engine, in which case it also needs a masthead light.

Navigation Lights and Their Correct Usage for Boating at Night

As mentioned above, the red and green lights are key parts of marine navigation, mirroring the colors of traffic lights. These lights should be visible for an arc of 112.5 degrees from the front of the boat. Knowing this helps you determine which way other boats are heading.

The visibility range for your lights depends on the type of boat and what it’s doing at the time. Typical coverage for navigation lights can vary from 112.5 degrees (for sidelights) to 360 degrees (for an all-round light), providing visibility in all directions.

The lights also tell you about a boat’s direction of travel. For instance, if you see red and green lights ahead, the boat is approaching. On the other hand, if you only see a white light, it could mean the vessel is moving away from you.

Special Light Requirements When the Boat is at Anchor or Towing Another Vessel

An anchored boat must show an all-round white light, ensuring it can be seen from all directions. This light should be installed at the highest point for the best visibility.

When a boat tows another vessel or object, towing lights signal this activity. These lights consist of a yellow light placed close to the stern light. 

Visibility Ranges for Different Boat Sizes

International regulations specify different visibility ranges based on boat length:

• Boats less than 12 meters in length (39.4 feet): Masthead/Steaming Lights must be visible for at least 2 nautical miles. Sidelights and Stern Lights should be visible to other boats for at least 1 nautical mile.
• Boats between 12 and 20 meters (39.4 to 65.6 feet): Masthead/Steaming Lights should be visible for at least 3 nautical miles. Sidelights should be visible for at least 2 nautical miles, and Stern Lights for at least 2 nautical miles.
• Boats between 20 and 50 meters (65.6 to 164 feet): Masthead/Steaming Lights should be visible for at least 5 nautical miles. Sidelights should be visible for at least 2 nautical miles, and Stern Lights for at least 2 nautical miles.

Judicious Use of Specialized Boat Lights for Specific Situations

The danger of using bright, forward-facing lights while underway.

Imagine driving along a dark country road when a car from the opposite direction suddenly fails to dip its headlights. Quite a dazzling experience, right? Similarly, illuminating ultra-bright, forward-facing lights (like searchlights or docking lights) while on the move can disrupt other boaters’ night vision, making it harder for them to navigate safely. So, unless you’re docking or need to illuminate a short-range area, it’s best not to use them.

Usage of Docking Lights 

Contrary to some beliefs, docking lights are not meant for long-range viewing or communication with other vessels. As the name hints, their primary purpose is to assist you while docking at night. These high-intensity lights help illuminate the area directly in front of your boat, allowing you to see your dock or slip.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Spotlights

Spotlights can be handy when searching for buoys , identifying landmarks, or person overboard situations. However, they must be used sparingly and thoughtfully on the water to avoid disorienting other boaters. A good rule is to use them intermittently – only when necessary – and never shine them in the direction of another boat.

Avoiding Confusion with Regular Navigation Lights

Comprehensive lighting on your boat is a good idea, but it must never interfere with or be confused with your navigation lights. Any decorative or additional lighting should not mask, obstruct, or be mistaken for your boat’s red, green, or white navigation lights. After all, these lights are a crucial part of the language of the sea, and it’s vital other boaters can read them correctly. 

Extra Lighting for Fishing at Night

Extra lighting serves two main functions when you’re fishing at night. Firstly, it illuminates your immediate surroundings, making casting, landing, and unhooking fish convenient. It also ensures the safety of your movements in and around the boat. Secondly, the right light may even attract fish!

Precautions to Take Not to Impair the Night Vision of Other Boaters

As with driving cars at night, you must follow certain etiquette and safety precautions with your fishing lights. Refrain from pointing your highly focused, bright lights toward another boat, and if using underwater lights to attract fish, ensure they are not mistaken for navigation lights.

Required Lights when Fishing at Certain Distances from Shore

Boating lights: rules and regulations, understanding key colregs rules.

Navigating the open seas requires adherence to international rules known as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). These rules include specific guidelines about using navigation lights on different types of vessels and in various conditions. Here’s a brief overview of some of these essential rules:

The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea ( COLREGs ) contain essential navigation light rules on different types of vessels and in various conditions. Here’s a brief overview of some of these:

• Rule 23: Power-driven vessels underway: This rule outlines the navigation light requirements for boats operating under power.
• Rule 25: Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars: This rule specifies the navigation light standards for sailing boats and vessels propelled by oars.
• Rule 20 (Application): This rule states that the navigation light rules apply to all vessels on the high seas and in waters connected to the high seas navigable by seagoing vessels. It also specifies that the rules apply from sunset to sunrise and during reduced visibility, such as fog, rain, or haze.
• Rule 21 (Definitions): Rule 21 provides clear definitions of various terms related to navigation lights, such as masthead lights, sidelights, stern lights, towing lights, all-round lights, and flashing lights. Understanding these definitions helps ensure proper usage and compliance with the regulations.
• Rule 22 (Visibility of Lights): This rule specifies the minimum visibility range for different navigation lights based on the vessel size, which we discussed in the “Visibility and Range of Navigation Lights at Night” section. Adhering to these visibility requirements is crucial for safe navigation and avoiding collisions.
• Rule 24 (Towing and Pushing): Rule 24 outlines the navigation light requirements for vessels engaged in towing or pushing operations. Towing vessels must display a masthead light, sidelights, and a towing light, while the towed vessel must display sidelights and a stern light. Vessels pushing ahead or towing alongside should exhibit sidelights, a stern light, and a special flashing light.

Safety Precautions and Tips for Night Boating 

Here are some safety measures and tips to consider when you’re out on the water at night:

• Carry spare fuses and bulbs on board.
• Install red lights: Equip your helm, cabin, and other workspaces with red lighting.
• Dim the brightness of electronic devices, such as GPS units or chartplotters.
• Always have a waterproof flashlight or headtorch with a red light mode available for emergencies or when you need to perform tasks that require focused light. 
• Apply reflective tape on critical areas of your boat, such as rails, life jackets, and safety equipment. 
• Install deck and courtesy lights for low-level illumination around the cockpit and deck walkways.
• Slow down to give yourself more time to react to environmental obstacles or changes. 
• Maintain a proper lookout to watch for other vessels, obstacles, or navigational markers. 
• Make the most of your onboard electronics, such as radar and GPS/chartplotters, to improve your situational awareness at night.
• Wear a life jacket or PFD , especially in low-light conditions when seeing someone who has fallen overboard may be harder.

Final Thoughts

Navigating at night or in reduced visibility can be a challenging yet rewarding experience when done properly. Central to this adventure is understanding and implementing appropriate navigational lights according to maritime rules and regulations, serving not only as an aid for safe travel but also as an indication of respect for fellow boaters. Remember, each type of light serves a particular purpose, whether the masthead light indicates the direction of travel or sidelights help you understand another vessel’s path.

Know that using bright forward-facing lights while on the go may impair other boaters’ vision, while docking lights & spotlights should be used minimally and thoughtfully. Similarly, if you’re fishing at night, ensure your lighting doesn’t confuse or inconvenience others. Finally, conforming to laws like displaying correct lights from sunset to sunrise and understanding key COLREGs rules are imperative for legal compliance.

Pair these safety measures with effective preparations such as carrying spare fuses and bulbs, slowing down your speed, keeping additional waterproof flashlights, and wearing life jackets to enhance your safety while night boating greatly. 

The basic boat lights for night operation include a stern light (white), sidelights that indicate the port (red) and starboard (green), and masthead light (white). These lights allow other boats to see you in the waterway, enhancing safe navigation.

Boat lights for night operations are crucial for safety and are required by law. They help you see and be seen by other boats, preventing potential accidents.

It’s legally required to exhibit appropriate navigational lights only from sunset to sunrise or during periods of restricted visibility, such as foggy conditions, heavy rain, or cloud cover. 

Failing to comply with relevant laws and regulations regarding marine lighting can result in hefty fines and penalties. Besides legal trouble, improper use increases collision risk endangering everyone aboard. 

Both powered and sailing boats require a masthead light when under power propulsion. When using sails without engine assistance, sailing boats do not need a masthead light but must display sidelights and a stern light.

Yes, larger vessels generally require their navigation lights to be visible from greater distances. For example, for boats less than 12 meters long, the rules state that sidelights should be visible from at least one mile away and the masthead light from two miles away, but these distances increase for larger vessels.

Docking lights are not essential, but they help illuminate the area directly in front of your boat while docking at night. However, they should not be used when moving since they might dazzle other boaters and interfere with their navigation.

When your boat is anchored between sunset and sunrise, you must exhibit an all-around white light visible from every direction. This rule applies in low-visibility weather too.

Navionics Night Mode on IPAD or Android Tablets

Sea water strainer: an essential guide, related posts, what should you do first if your boat runs aground, marine radar reflectors for your boat, handling lightning strikes on boats.

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Boat Navigation Light Safety

Boating at night is difficult in many ways. Not only is your field of vision limited, shore lights and water reflections are very deceptive. In fact, if you need glasses, you probably cannot operate well at night. Therefore, it is extremely important that all vessels have the appropriate boat navigation lights.

Boat lights are not just important in determining the proximity of other vessels, but they also help other boats see you as well. Just think of a car without headlights at night! The same is true with boats, and you will not be able to notice an approaching boat in the mist of dark night with black water around you.

Most recreational powerboats are required to have a set of different colored navigation lights located on certain areas of their boat. Each navigation light has to have a certain arc or angle of visibility and should be seen at a minimum distance. Listed below are the USCG (United States Coast Guard) navigation lighting requirements for different vessel length ranges:

• Vessels of 50 meters or more in length
• Vessels of 12 meters or more in length
• Vessels of less than 12 meters in length

If your powerboat is underway or moving, you must have the following lights on to ensure other boats can see you:

• 1 forward facing masthead light
• If your boat is more than 50 meters, your must have a second masthead light
• 2 sidelights (port and starboard)
• 1 stern or towing light

If your powerboat is towing a smaller watercraft at night, your vessel must exhibit the same lighting but with another light above the stern or towing light.

Now that you know the proper lighting requirements for your size of watercraft, it is important to install the appropriate color and arc of light in each area on your boat. This allows others to verify the direction your watercraft is going. Depending on your specific lighting requirements, it is common for boats to exhibit the following colored light arrangement for each area:

• Masthead Light – White with a 225° arc
• Starboard Sidelight – Green with a 112.5° arc
• Port Sidelight – Red with a 112.5° arc
• Stern or Tow Lights – White with a 135° arc

Once you have installed your lights, you should test them to ensure that specific lights are showing as you circle your boat. If you face the back of your boat, you should only see the white stern or towing light. If you face the starboard side of your boat, you should only see the green starboard sidelight and white masthead light, and vice versa if you’re on the port side. If you’re on the front of your boat, you should see both sidelights and your white masthead light. We suggest referencing the graphic on this boat navigation lights guide .

Testing and ensuring your powerboat exhibits the appropriate lights around your boat ensures that other boaters will be able to tell the direction you are going. While you are required to install the appropriate navigation lights on your vessel, we also suggest installing lights around your Jet Dock boat lift and floating dock . This ensures you will be able to see your boat lift or floating dock in the event you have to dock your boat at night.

By answering a few quick questions we will be able to tell you which dock or boat lift is the perfect fit for you.

Jet Dock Systems manufactures specialized floating boat lifts and drive-on docking systems for a wide variety of watercraft in just about any marine environment. Our headquarters and manufacturing operations are located in Cleveland, Ohio.  We have an additional facility and staff in Fort Lauderdale, Florida as well as boat lift dealers all over the world.

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Understanding Boat Navigation Lights

Boat navigation lights are essential when you’re out on the water. They’re essential, but it’s easy to misunderstand their uses and correct placements.

If you don’t know the correct placement for your stern lights or know what type of navigation light you need on your mast, don’t worry: we’re here to help. Below, we’ve got an overview of everything you need to know about boat navigation lights: what type of navigation lights you need, where to put them, and why you need to use them.

So without further ado, let’s learn more about boat navigation lights.

What navigation lights are required on a boat?

The U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules, International-Inland encompasses lighting requirements for every description of watercraft. The information provided there is intended for powerboats and sailing vessels less than 20 meters. The various options are illustrated.

The U.S. Inland Rules apply inside the demarcation lines at the entrances to inlets, bays, rivers, etc. The demarcation lines are shown on coastal charts as magenta dashed lines. Once outside of the demarcation lines, International Rules apply.

Powered Vessels

Power boats less than 20 meters shall exhibit navigation lights as shown in Figure 1. (Note: 2 masthead lights are optional for vessels under 50 meters. Vessels over 50 meters will display two masthead lights.)

Vessels of less than 12 meters in length, may show the lights in either Figure 1 or Figure 2.

Powerboats less than 7 meters whose maximum speed cannot exceed 7 knots may exhibit an all-round white light, and if practicable sidelights instead of the lights prescribed above, in international waters only.

Sailing Vessels and Vessels Under Oars

Sailing vessels less than 20 meters may exhibit the navigation lights shown in Figures 3 or 4.

Another option for sailboats is to use a single combination lamp at the top of the mast as shown in Figure 5.

Sailing vessels less than 7 meters may carry an electric torch or lit lantern showing a white light to be displayed in time to prevent collision (see Figure 6 – left picture).

If possible, the lights prescribed for sailing vessels less than 20 meters should be displayed.

Vessels under oars may display the lights prescribed for sailing vessels, but if not, must have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light to be displayed in time to prevent collision (see Figure 6 – right picture).

Small boats can benefit from using a temporary LED light with a suction cup attachment if permanent fixings aren’t possible.

Shapes and Lights

To alert other vessels of conditions that may be hazardous, there are requirements to display lights at night and shapes during the day.

Anchored Vessels

Powered vessels and sailing vessels at anchor must display anchor lights. An anchor light for a boat less than 50 meters in length is an all-around white light visible for 2 miles exhibited where it can best be seen (see Figure 7).

Vessels at anchor shall exhibit forward where best seen, a ball shape (see Figure 8).

Vessels less than 7 meters are not required to display anchor lights or day shapes unless anchored in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate.

Anchor lights are not required on vessels less than 20 meters, anchored in special anchorages in inland waters designated by the Secretary of Transportation.

Sailing Vessels Under Power

Vessels under sail also being propelled by machinery, must exhibit forward where best seen, a conical shape with the apex pointing down (see Figure 9).

Vessels less than 12 meters are not required to exhibit the dayshape in inland waters.

Sailing vessels operating under machinery, or under sail and machinery are considered as powered boats and must display the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel.

Restricted Maneuverability

The Navigation Rules require vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver to display appropriate day shapes or lights. To meet this requirement, recreational vessels engaged in diving activities may exhibit a rigid replica of the international code flag “A” not less than one meter in height or at night display the navigation lights shown in Figure 10.

This requirement does not affect the use of a red and white divers flag which may be required by state or local law to mark a diver’s location. The “A” flag is a navigation signal indicating the vessel’s restricted maneuverability and does not pertain to the diver.

Navigation lights should be checked prior to departing the dock and you should always carry spare bulbs. The USCG doesn’t care if they were working when you left, only that they are working when required.

Where do navigation lights go on a boat?

The current navigation light requirements are found in the Navigation Rules, International-Inland, and in Parts 81, 84, and 89 of Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations . They’re easy to find, but many sailors and boat manufacturers do not have a good understanding of the rules governing the proper installation of navigation lights. To help clear up any misunderstandings here’s all you need to know:

Sidelights that are installed in the contour of the bow without providing a mounting surface tooled to be parallel with the fore and aft centreline of the boat are not in compliance with the Inland or International Navigation Rules. Depending on the breadth of the boat near the bow and how far aft from the vessel’s stem the lights are mounted, this shift can be more than 20 degrees in some cases. Installing the fixtures too far aft of the vessel’s stem may result in the sidelights not being visible from a position dead ahead.

Another factor in the proper installation of sidelights is that they must maintain their required minimum intensity in a vertical sector from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal. They must also maintain at least 60 percent of their minimum required intensity from 7.5 degrees above to 7.5 degrees below the horizontal. Installing flush-mounted sidelights, designed to be mounted to a vertical surface in the hull contour, without providing a mounting surface tooled to be vertical, shifts the vertical coverage sector. This also results in non-compliance with the Inland or International Navigation Rules.

Additionally, most of these flush-mounted sidelights are installed below the vessel’s rub rail. International Navigation Rules require that sidelights be installed above the uppermost continuous deck. Therefore, this configuration would not be in compliance with International Navigation Rules.

When separate red and green sidelight fixtures are used, the masthead light or all-round white light, whichever configuration is installed, must be located as close as practical to the vessel’s fore and aft centerline. For vessels less than 12 meters in length, the masthead light or round lights may be displaced from the fore and aft centerline providing that the sidelights are contained within a common fixture and mounted on the vessel’s fore and aft centerline. The masthead or round lights must be installed at least one meter (3.3 ft.) above the sidelights.

Which navigation lights are you required to display when anchoring your boat for the night?

Boating at night (or in reduced visibility) can present some special challenges. Not only is your depth perception lessened, but bright lights on the shore can also cast misleading reflections on the water and if you wear glasses, or worse yet bifocals, you simply don’t see as well at night as you do during the day.

It is not only important that you be able to identify other vessels operating in your proximity, it is equally important that other vessels see you. Most recreational vessels are less than 30 feet in length and, according to the Rules of the Road, shall be equipped with navigation lights.

These lights not only have a certain arc through which they can be seen but must be seen from a minimum distance. The following lighting requirements are for recreational vessels less than 12 meters in length. (approximately 39.4′)

The arc of the lights and color allows you to determine the direction a boat is moving. How good are your boat’s lights? You should test them to check your nighttime visibility, or you might land yourself in hot water with the Coast Guard.

Whether on a trailer or at the marina, switch on your lights and see how well they can be seen. Walk away from the boat or row away, if you are at anchor or at a mooring, and see how visible the lights are as you move further away. How easy are they to see against the background of lights onshore?

Does your stern light shine dead astern over the required 135º arc or does it shine to one side or up or down? Can it be seen from the required 2 miles and why is that important? As an example, let’s say that your stern lights can only be seen for 1/2 mile. You are underway at 8 knots and a large ship is approaching at 15 knots. The ship is only 4 minutes away from a collision with you. By the time the ship “might” see you, identify the light, and decide on how to move, it is too late. A ship traveling at 15 knots may take miles to stop.

Look at the stern lights again, as you move from the stern toward the bow, does the stern light “disappear” as the sidelight “appears”? The stern light should disappear and sidelight appear at 22.5º abaft the beam. If you don’t see the green starboard sidelight or the red port side light when the stern light disappears there is a problem with the arc of one or all these lights. This means that if another boat were approaching you at the angle where no lights are seen there is an increased risk of collision.

If both the stern lights and side lights are seen brightly at the same time you still have a problem. A boat approaching won’t know whether they are overtaking or crossing and whether they should give-way or stand-on.

You should also check to make sure that your masthead light disappears at the same time each side lights disappear and they both disappear when the stern light appears.

Check your sidelights from dead ahead. You should see both red and green. However, by moving toward one side just 1-3º you should then see only one light. If you still see two lights, an approaching boat won’t be able to tell which direction you’re are going.

It is very important to be seen from a distance but also for an approaching boat to be able to determine your direction of travel.

When boating at night remember the following: “When two lights you see ahead, turn your helm and show your red”.

About Chris

Outdoors, I’m in my element, especially in the water. I know the importance of being geared up for anything. I do the deep digital dive, researching gear, boats and knowhow and love keeping my readership at the helm of their passions.

Categories : nauticalknowhow

Robert Hogward on September 12, 2021

Thanks for writing this post. I can either place them on the exterior or interior for decorations. Placing them on the exterior side is helpful when I go fishing and indulging in other night activities in the water.

Dalton Bourne on July 26, 2022

We love the lights! We put lights from Seaponer on my Jon boat right above the water line and use them for night fishing! The amount of brightness it offers is an assurance of my boat’s being seen clearly during the night. At the same time, the LED lights don’t consume too much energy, leading to a life span of up to 50,000 hours. 

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Inspect Your Boat's Navigation Lights

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Navigation light inspections are a critical part of boat ownership. Don't take your red and green safety gear for granted.

I've never understood why so many vessels I inspect as a marine surveyor fail in their ability to comply with mandated navigational lighting requirements. I'd estimate the percentage is as high as 30% (or worse), an appalling rate when it comes to safety-related equipment. Imagine if your life jackets or fire extinguishers only worked 70% of the time when needed.

Most problems I see are maintenance issues (cloudy lenses, burned-out bulbs, broken wires), but an alarming number are improper initial installations by the manufacturer or blockage from aftermarket equipment installations by owners or dealers. It appears many either do not have a good understanding of the navigation rules governing installations or they shoot for (and miss) the bare minimum requirements, often at the expense of the end user.

Regardless of what the manufacturer did (or didn't) do, it's imperative to remember that when it comes to navigational lighting, it is your responsibility to ensure your boat complies with the rules. Here's how to make sure your boat is ready for the nightlife.

General Requirements

It's beyond the scope of this article to list every possible configuration or variation of lights, however, by way of example, a typical powerboat less than 65 feet while underway at night or in reduced visibility would require side lights, a masthead light, and a stern light. The side lights consist of a green light to starboard and a red light to port, both of which must cover an arc of the horizon (or sector) of 112.5 degrees visible from dead ahead to 112.5 degrees down each respective side.

The masthead light is a forward-facing white light on the vessel's fore and aft centerline showing an unbroken arc of 225 degrees and fixed to show the light from dead ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. The stern light, also a white light, must be visible from dead astern for an arc of 135 degrees (67.5 degrees on either side of centerline). You'll notice that adding the arc of visibility of the masthead and stern light yields 360 degrees, which is what they're shooting for coverage-wise. Vessels less than 39.4 feet in length have the option of exhibiting a single 360-degree white light in lieu of a separate masthead and stern light. (As a practical matter, you should be sure that the optional single 360-degree light will not interfere with your night vision.) Vessels anchored at night or in reduced visibility are required to display a single all around white light visible for 360 degrees.

This anchor light is being held in place with vice grips.

The stanchion on this poorly designed bow pulpit runs down the center of the navigation light from the front.

Another poorly placed stanchion reduces the degree of visibility of this side light.

Leaving the canvas down has blocked this stern light.

All boats must have the ability to display required navigation lights while operating at night and during times of reduced or restricted visibility (such as fog or heavy rain). Required navigation light configurations are based on a number of factors, such as a vessel's length, method of propulsion, or any special activity it's engaged in (e.g., trawling, towing). The type, arc, and color of navigation lights allow observers to determine a vessel's size, propulsion, and whether it's anchored or moving (and if so, its course).

For example, if you look over your bow and see a red light followed by a white light, you can assume a vessel is crossing your path from starboard to port and (depending on distance) it is the stand-on vessel (meaning it has the right of way) and you would be the give-way vessel. A single white light visible 360 degrees, on the other hand, indicates an anchored vessel or possibly a vessel that is aground.

The first step in determining if your vessel is compliant is to consult a copy of U.S. Coast Guard COMDTINST M16672.2D , aka the "Rules of the Road."

Using tape to hold this bow light in place has reduced the visibility by half.

This damaged anchor light is not going to be very visible to other vessels.

This old bow light has "fogged" from age and exposure to UV light, which will reduce brightness and visibility.

This old stern light has "fogged" from age and exposure to UV light, reducing the brightness and visibility.

Inspections

Once you've consulted the Rules of the Road and determined your navigation lights meet the requirements, next up is a physical inspection to make sure they're installed and operating properly. Start by turning on your running lights and then your anchor light, verifying in turn that each powers up and meets the visibility requirements mentioned in the Rules of the Road.

Look for issues such as the placement of equipment (e.g., dinghies, fenders, canvas) that could block visibility, burned-out bulbs, and poor lighting installations.

A good example of the latter is a masthead light that effectively blinds you when operating the vessel from the upper helm or fly bridge. Assume nothing and keep your eyes open for the unexpected, such as side light lenses (red port, green starboard) being reversed, a problem I've seen where lights have been replaced by well-meaning owners.

Sailboat owners may find it easier to verify the operation of mast-mounted navigation and anchor lights at night from the dock when they're more easily visible.

Next, take a good look at the lights themselves. Are they damaged? Are they burning brightly or dim, a problem that can be caused by UV damage or "frosting" of the lens, installation of the wrong type of bulb, or a poor quality light. Dirty lenses or corroded electrical contacts and switches can also cause problems.

Installing LED Boat Navigation Lights

Distance visibility (how far your navigational lights can be seen) is crucial and can easily be a case where meeting the letter of the law doesn't necessarily mean the spirit of the law has been satisfied. I've seen installations designed to meet the minimal requirements under perfect conditions (clear weather, minimal wave action) but fail miserably in less-than-ideal conditions, the very times you want to make sure you're seen. Problems range from poor location of the navigation lights (flush mounted sidelights in the hull below the rubrail are a good example of this) to the lights themselves, which are often too small or simply pieces of junk to begin with.

Don't be afraid to relocate factory-installed navigation lights to better comply with the requirements or replace them with brighter, more robust units. (If there is any question as to rule compliance or appropriateness of the lights, have an ABYC-qualified surveyor or other qualified person check them.) LED fixtures have become a popular choice, and the benefits are numerous — longer life (up to 100,000 hours in some cases), less power draw, sealed construction (eliminating corrosion), and not susceptible to damage from shock or vibration.

Do not, however, simply swap your incandescent navigation light bulbs with LED replacements. Navigation light fixtures are approved for use as a unit (i.e., bulb and fixture together), and simply swapping out the bulb of your current fixture does not mean the new combination will comply. Once you've verified everything is in good working order, record the types of bulbs required for all non-LED navigation lights and ensure you've got plenty of spares onboard.

Boat owners love lots of pretty lights, but you have to ensure that decorative light installations cannot be mistaken for navigation or law enforcement lights and that they don't impair the visibility or distinctive character of approved and properly placed navigation lights. You also don't want them to interfere with your ability to maintain a proper lookout. Haphazard installation of additional lighting must be avoided, and violations (resulting in fines or worse) can occur if those mood lights installed on your rig can be construed as a light required by the Rules for another vessel. For example, blue underwater LED lights can appear to be flashing if wave action is present, giving the appearance of a flashing blue light that only law enforcement vessels are authorized to use.

Finally, include checking the operation of all navigation lights as part of your predeparture checklist. It only takes a moment and you'll be doing yourself (and everyone else on the water) a favor.

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Frank Lanier

Contributing Editor, BoatUS Magazine

Capt. Frank Lanier is a SAMS-accredited marine surveyor with over 40 years of experience in the marine and diving industries. He’s an author, public speaker, and multiple award-winning journalist whose articles on boat maintenance, repair, and seamanship appear regularly in numerous marine publications worldwide. Contact him via his YouTube channel “Everything Boats with Capt. Frank Lanier” or at captfklanier.com.

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Boat Navigation Lights

One of the most important safety systems on your boat is your set of navigation lights.

Whenever you are operating between sunset and sunrise, or in other times of restricted visibility, such as in fog or rain, you need to display the appropriate navigation lights so that other boats can see you and take the appropriate action to avoid a collision.

In general, all navigation light systems include red and green sidelights, which indicate the port and starboard side of your boat, as well as one or more white lights.

It's also important that you have a flashlight on board, as you never know when a navigation light might burn out. The rules for what navigation lights to display depend on a number of factors including:

• The length of your boat: e.g. under or over 12 meters;
• Whether your boat is being powered by an engine;
• Where you're boating, e.g. inland or international waters; and
• Whether you at anchor.

For now, remember that it's your responsibility to have the proper navigation lighting. Even if you just purchased a new boat, you should check to ensure that you've got the right lights for safe, and legal, boating.

Powered Boat Navigation Lights

When operating between sunset and sunrise, or in periods of restricted visibility, powered recreational boats require the following set of navigation lights. Remember, these power boat light requirements also apply to sailboats when using a motor.

For powered boats less than 39.4 feet, or 12 meters, you need to have the following set of navigation lights.

• One all-around white light that you can see from 360 degrees and from two miles away;
• And one pair of red and green sidelights that are visible at 112.5 degrees and from one mile away.

For boats of this size, the all-around white light needs to be positioned at a height of at least 39 inches above the sidelights.

Figure A shows a boat with this setup.

• All-around white light - 360 degrees visable from two miles.
• Sidelights — 112.5 degrees visible from one mile

If your boat is greater than 39.4 feet but less than 65.6 feet, or 20 meters, you need the following set of navigation lights:

• A masthead light is a white light at the front of the boat. The masthead light needs to be visible across 225 degrees and from two miles away.
• A stern light, which is a white light at the rear of the boat. The stern light needs to be visible across 135 degrees and from two miles away. When the masthead light and the stern light are combined, that makes up 360 degrees.
• Finally, you need one pair red and green sidelights that are visible across 112.5 degrees and from a distance of one mile.

For boats of this size, the masthead light must be positioned at a height of at least 8 feet above the gunnel.

Figure B shows this configuration.

• Masthead light (foward) - 225 degrees visible from two miles.
• Sternlight (aft) - 135 degrees visible from two miles.
• Sidelights - 112.5 degrees visible from one mile.

Boat Navigation Lights at Anchor

We've covered what navigation lights you need to have when you are underway, but what about when you're at anchor?

When your boat is at anchor, but you are not in a designated anchoring area, like at a marina, you need to make sure that you are visible to other boats that may be operating nearby.

When anchoring in these areas, you are required to display an all-around white light where it will be best seen by any other boats in the area.

Navigation Light Requirements for Anchored Vessels

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What are the 5 navigational lights?

Port and starboard sidelights

One of the essential safety features of any watercraft are the port and starboard sidelights. These lights play a crucial role in ensuring the visibility and navigation of vessels, especially during nighttime or low visibility conditions. On the port side, a red light illuminates the surroundings. This distinct red light provides a clear indication of the port side of the vessel. On the starboard side, a green light identify the starboard side of the vessel. 

A white light placed at the stern of the boat. This white light is seen only from behind or nearly behind the vessel.

Masthead light

A white light projecting towards the front of the boat.

All-round light

A white light projecting all around the vessel.

What is a navigation light?

Just like for vehicles on our roadways, there are rules that apply to the lights that must be displayed by boats. 

These lights provide critical information to the operators of other vessels when they see you. Depending on the lights required to be displayed on your boat based on its length and type of propulsion, the information that these lights provide to others can tell them whether you are at anchor or underway or engaged in some other activity, whether you are a power-driven vessel or not, what your heading is, etc. Other vessels around you make collision avoidance decisions based on the information available to them, that's why it is so important that the information your navigation lights are giving them is the correct information.

If you are caught by the police not showing lights or showing improper lights, you will likely be fined. Worse yet, if the information your navigation lights are providing is incorrect and an accident occurs as a result of this, there could be serious repercussions.  

When must navigation lights be displayed?

Navigation lights must be displayed:

At night (between sunset and sunrise)

When periods of restricted (poor) visibility (fog or heavy rain)

What are the rules of navigation lights on boats?

Port and Starboard lights must be visible from one nautical mile, and masthead and stern lights must be visible from two nautical miles. 

Boat Navigation Lights rules and requirements

Powerboats navigation lights.

A power driven vessel   of less than 12 meters in length, and underway, may display, from sunset to sunrise:

All-round light   (white) forward and,

Sidelights   (red – green).

Sailboats navigation lights

and underway, may display, from sunset to sunrise:

Sidelights   (red – green) and,

• Sternlight   (white).

Sailboats are considered powerboats when they have the engines on - even if the sails are up. 

Masthead light  (white) forward,

Sternlight  (white).

Commercial boats navigation lights

Police boat lights - Blue flashing light 

All law enforcement agencies (Police) and some government agencies must display an all-around blue-flashing beam engaged in duties in Canadian waters.

Tugboat lights - Yellow lights

Is a navigation light used for towing. It's a yellow over a white navigation light placed at the forward end of a towing vessel or vessel being towed.

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